Table 2.
Descriptive comparison of participants with and without exacerbation.
| Patients with ulcerative colitis | Patients with Crohn's disease | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-exacerbated | Exacerbated | P -value | Non-exacerbated | Exacerbated | P -value | ||
| Demographics | Number of patients | 159 | 82 | 113 | 97 | ||
| Sex (male/female) | 82/77 | 47/35 | 0.416 | 85/28 | 73/24 | 1 | |
| Age at enrolment (years), median (IQR) | 51 (39–66) | 46.5 (39–56.5) | 0.051 | 46 (35–54) | 42 (31–48) | 0.014 | |
| Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 32 (24.5–43) | 30 (22–41.75) | 0.169 | 26 (20–38) | 24 (18–28) | 0.013 | |
| Disease duration (years), median (IQR) | 13 (7–23) | 13.5 (5–22.25) | 0.533 | 13 (5–25) | 15 (7–22) | 0.788 | |
| 6-point Mayo score before the declaration of the state of emergency | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.221 | ||||
| PRO2 score before the declaration of the state of emergency | 5 (0–10) | 8 (2–13) | 0.025 | ||||
| Lifestyle during the state of emergency | Sleeping time (hours/day), mean (IQR) | 6 (6–7) | 6 (6–7) | 0.073 | 6 (6–7) | 7 (6–7) | 0.763 |
| Working time (hours/week), median (IQR) | 10 (0–40) | 16 (0–40) | 0.171 | 8 (0–9) | 8 (0–8) | 0.901 | |
| Walking time (hours/day), median (IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.295 | 1 (1–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.491 | |
| Exercise time (minutes/week), median (IQR) | 0 (0–120) | 0 (0–120) | 0.917 | 10 (0–60) | 15 (0–30) | 0.819 | |
| Number of meals per day, median (IQR) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 0.493 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.593 | |
| Increased smoking | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 | 8 (7.1%) | 6 (6.2%) | 1 | |
| Increased alcohol intake | 17 (10.7%) | 12 (14.6%) | 0.406 | 12 (10.6%) | 11 (11.3%) | 1 | |
| Deterioration of drug-adherence | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.268 | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 | |
| Stress related to the state of emergency† | Stress due to childcare burden | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA |
| Stress due to COVID-19 | 4 (2.5%) | 10 (12.2%) | 0.006 | 2 (1.8%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.253 | |
| Stress due to family budget | 7 (4.4%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.597 | |
| Stress due to inability to exercise | 12(7.5%) | 9 (11%) | 0.47 | 4 (3.5%) | 6 (6.2%) | 0.519 | |
| Stress due to staying indoors | 15(9.4%) | 10 (12.2%) | 1 | 11 (9.7%) | 7 (7.2%) | 0.624 | |
| Stress due to inflammatory bowel disease | 3 (1.9%) | 4 (4.9%) | 0.51 | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 | |
| Stress due to worsening of diet and nutritional status | 3 (1.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.55 | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.212 | |
| Medication | Mesalamine | 142 (89.3%) | 72 (87.8%) | 0.83 | 67 (59.3%) | 56 (57.7%) | 0.888 |
| Enteral nutrition | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 36 (31.9%) | 30 (30.9%) | 1 | |
| Corticosteroids | 5 (3.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 | 3 (2.7%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.475 | |
| Immunomodulators (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine) | 47 (29.6%) | 17 (20.7%) | 0.167 | 35 (31%) | 35 (36.1%) | 0.465 | |
| Anti-TNF therapy | 17 (10.7%) | 14 (17.1%) | 0.222 | 55 (48.7%) | 54 (55.7%) | 0.335 | |
| Ustekinumab | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 13 (11.5%) | 13 (13.4%) | 0.681 | |
| Vedolizumab | 8 (5%) | 3 (3.7%) | 0.754 | 2 (1.8%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.253 | |
| Tofacitinib | 3 (1.9%) | 3 (3.7%) | 0.404 | Not approved in Japan | |||
| Molecularly targeted therapies** | 28 (17.6%) | 20 (24.4%) | 0.235 | 70 (61.9%) | 71 (73.2%) | 0.105 | |
†
“Stress related to the state of emergency” was defined as newly emerging stress during the state of emergency. *Tofacitinib is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in Japan.
**
“Molecularly targeted therapies” include anti-TNF therapy, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and tofacitinib. COVID-19, coronavirus disease; IQR, interquartile range; PRO2, patient-reported outcome 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.