. 2021 Dec 10;12:796565. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796565

TABLE 2.

Effects of treatment on retinal superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione content of homogenate of retinal tissues.

Group	SOD (U·g⁻¹)	MDA (nmol·g⁻¹)	T-GSH (µmol·L⁻¹)	GSSG/GSH
CON	47.19 ± 3.3	35.56 ± 0.8	2.97 ± 0.7	0.96 ± 0.0
DM	30.99 ± 2.9^**	54.93 ± 0.4^**	1.31 ± 0.1^**	1.31 ± 0.0^**
CUR	26.88 ± 2.1^{**, ##}	31.57 ± 0.7^{**, ##}	1.04 ± 0.1^{**, ##}	1.52 ± 0.1^{**, ##}
INS	61.10 ± 2.5^{**, ##, &&}	36.30 ± 0.6^{##, &&}	2.90 ± 0.0^{##, &&}	0.97 ± 0.0^{##, &&}
CUR + INS	41.27 ± 1.7^{**, ##, &&}	35.94 ± 1.2^{##, &&}	1.91 ± 0.0^{**, ##, &&}	1.10 ± 0.0^{##, &&}

CON, control group; DM, STZ-induced diabetic model group; CUR, 200 mg/kg curcumin treatment group; INS, long-acting insulin treatment group; CUR + INS, 200 mg/kg curcumin and long-acting insulin treatment group; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde T-GSH, total glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GSH, reduced glutathione. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). ^** p < 0.01 vs. the CON group; ^## p < 0.01 vs. the DM group; ^&& p < 0.01 vs. the CUR group.