TABLE 5.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with 28-Day mortality in the 115 patients with CRKP infection.
| Total | Survivors | Non-survivors | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 115) | (n = 89) | (n = 26) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | 63 (51–72) | 61 (49–69) | 69 (63.75–76) | 0.002 |
| Gender | 0.304 | |||
| Female | 39 (33.9%) | 28 (31.5%) | 11 (42.3%) | |
| Male | 76 (66.1%) | 61 (68.5%) | 15 (57.7%) | |
| Weight (Kg) | 65 (55–70) | 65 (55–71.25) | 63.5 (54.75–70) | 0.618 |
| BMI | 23.11 (19.92–25.35) | 23.11 (20.34–25.37) | 22.55 (19.70–25.18) | 0.642 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 51 (44.3%) | 36 (40.4%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.119 |
| Malignancy | 33 (28.7%) | 24 (27%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.448 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31 (27%) | 23 (25.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.618 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 19 (16.5%) | 17 (19.1%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.281 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19 (16.5%) | 14 (15.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.902 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 18 (15.7%) | 10 (11.2%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.035 |
| Coronary disease | 18 (15.7%) | 14 (15.7%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.966 |
| Peptic ulcer | 15 (13.0%) | 12 (13.5%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.545 |
| Immunocompromised | 12 (10.4%) | 9 (10.1%) | 3 (11.5%) | 1 |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (8.7%) | 9 (10.1%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.547 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 6 (5.2%) | 6 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.391 |
| Autoimmune disease | 5 (4.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.686 |
| Creatinine clearance rate (ml/min) | 80.01 (44.37–124.08) | 137.92 (90.99–200.49) | 74.38 (54.03–111.88) | <0.001 |
| Severity variables | ||||
| Charlson comorbidity index (≥3) | 45 (39.1%) | 34 (38.2%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.706 |
| APACHE II score | 14 (10–18) | 13 (10–18) | 15 (10–18.25) | 0.533 |
| ICU administration | 85 (73.9%) | 63 (70.8%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.158 |
| Length of hospital stay before CRKP infection (days) | 20 (7–35) | 19 (6–34.5) | 27 (16–49) | 0.158 |
| Length of hospital stay after CRKP infection (days) | 31 (17–61) | 46 (23.5–77.5) | 10.5 (7.75–25) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 60 (40–97) | 67 (47–110) | 41 (25–59.5) | <0.001 |
| Infection variables | ||||
| Hospital-acquired infection | 109 (94.8%) | 85(95.5%) | 24 (92.3%) | 0.886 |
| Number of infection site | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.673 |
| Pulmonary | 66 (57.4%) | 49 (55.1%) | 17 (65.4%) | 0.349 |
| Bloodstream | 58 (50.4%) | 44 (49.4%) | 14 (53.8%) | 0.692 |
| Urinary tract | 12 (10.4%) | 10 (11.2%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.877 |
| Abdominal | 32 (27.8%) | 26 (29.2%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.539 |
| Other sites | 15 (13.0%) | 12 (13.5%) | 3 (11.5%) | 1 |
| Concurrent fungal infection | 29 (25.2) | 25 (28.1%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.189 |
| 28-day microbiological clearance | 52 (45.2%) | 46 (51.7%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.011 |
| Fever | 80 (70.2%) | 63 (71.6%) | 17 (65.4%) | 0.543 |
| White blood cell count, x109 per L | 10.57 (7.04–15.74) | 10.42 (6.88–14.68) | 12.23 (8.24–16.49) | 0.152 |
| Neutrophils count, x109 per L | 8.77 (5.97–13.38) | 8.7 (6.01–11.99) | 9.645 (5.7–14.87) | 0.336 |
| Procalcitonin PCT (μg/L) | 2.3 (0.77–7.19) | 1.89 (0.62–7.31) | 2.94 (1.18–6.54) | 0.44 |
| C-reactive Protein (mg/L) | 90 (25.42–168) | 91 (29.93–177.24 | 85.33 (12.88–136.81) | 0.22 |
| Prior healthcare history within 90 days of admission | ||||
| Hospitalization | 74 (64.3%) | 58 (65.2%) | 16 (61.5%) | 0.734 |
| Surgery | 54 (47%) | 43 (48.3%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.589 |
| Antibiotic use | 65 (56.5%) | 50 (56.2%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.891 |
| Antibiotic exposure during hospital stay | ||||
| CAZ/AVI-based regimen | 37 (32.2%) | 34 (38.2%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.01 |
| Carbapenems | 52 (45.2%) | 41 (46.1%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.735 |
| Tigecycline | 5 (4.3%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.342 |
| Fosfomycin | 19 (16.5%) | 14 (15.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.902 |
| Cephalosporins | 23 (20%) | 17 (19.1%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.656 |
| Aminoglycosides | 14 (12.2%) | 14 (15.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.069 |
| Quinolones | 13 (11.4%) | 12 (13.5%) | 1 (4%) | 0.336 |
| SMZ | 8 (7.1%) | 7 (8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.767 |
| 1 active antibiotic | 20 (17.4%) | 17 (19.1%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.368 |
| 2 active antibiotic | 51 (44.3%) | 38 (42.7%) | 13 (50.0%) | 0.422 |
| ≥3 active antibiotic | 44 (38.3%) | 34 (38.2%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.921 |
| Duration of treatment (days) | 16 (10–25) | 17 (11–26) | 10.5 (8.75–22.5) | 0.016 |
| Healthcare interventions | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 74 (64.3%) | 54 (60.7%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.128 |
| Vasoactive drugs | 83 (72.2%) | 60 (67.4%) | 23 (88.5%) | 0.035 |
| ECMO | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| CRRT | 17 (14.8%) | 12 (13.5%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.68 |
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CRKP, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia; CAZ/AVI, Ceftazidime-avibactam; SMZ, compound sulfamethoxazole; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.