Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of alcohol withdrawal hospitalizations
| Alcohol withdrawal without arrhythmias N = 1,364,330 |
Alcohol withdrawal with arrhythmias N = 146,825 |
P value | Alcohol withdrawal without arrhythmias (propensity matched) N = 135,540 |
Alcohol withdrawal with arrhythmias (propensity matched) N = 135,540 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | 49.20 ± 12.59 | 59.332 ± 12.38 | <.00001 | 52.72 ± 12.64 | 59.00 ± 12.44 | <.0001 |
| Age groups | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| ≥18 to <45 | 34.50% | 11.49% | 25.75% | 12.01% | ||
| ≥45 to <55 | 30.05% | 20.82% | 28.96% | 21.02% | ||
| ≥55 to <65 | 24.97% | 34.02% | 28.95% | 34.13% | ||
| ≥65 to ≤75 | 8.49% | 23.08% | 12.79% | 22.59% | ||
| >75 | 1.99% | 10.60% | 3.55% | 10.25% | ||
| Sex | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| Male | 73.70% | 81.95% | 74.41% | 81.63% | ||
| Female | 26.30% | 18.05% | 25.59% | 18.37% | ||
| Types of admission | <.0001 | .09 | ||||
| Elective | 7.87% | 6.12% | 6.19% | 6.03% | ||
| Nonelective | 92.13% | 93.88% | 93.81% | 93.97% | ||
| Race | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| White | 72.64% | 81.13% | 73.71% | 80.99% | ||
| Black | 11.84% | 9.59% | 12.63% | 9.64% | ||
| Hispanic | 10.19% | 6.02% | 8.93% | 6.09% | ||
| Asian/PI | 0.85% | 0.58% | 0.79% | 0.56% | ||
| Native American | 1.62% | 1.06% | 1.37% | 1.08% | ||
| Other | 2.86% | 1.63% | 2.57% | 1.64% | ||
| Primary payer | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| Medicare | 20.41% | 42.22% | 27.39% | 41.31% | ||
| Medicaid | 39.07% | 26.38% | 35.27% | 27.00% | ||
| Private | 23.60% | 20.48% | 22.86% | 20.41% | ||
| Others | 16.91% | 10.92% | 14.47% | 11.28% | ||
| Income quartile | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| 0–25 | 30.65% | 28.34% | 30.88% | 28.43% | ||
| 26–50 | 25.23% | 25.00% | 25.92% | 24.94% | ||
| 51–70 | 23.83% | 24.82% | 23.90% | 24.85% | ||
| 76–100 | 20.30% | 21.84% | 19.30% | 21.78% | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Obesity | 6.03% | 10.29% | <.0001 | 8.76% | 8.77% | .97 |
| OSA | 2.31% | 6.47% | <.0001 | 4.89% | 4.88% | .92 |
| HTN | 47.10% | 59.37% | <.0001 | 59.63% | 59.60% | .87 |
| HLD | 14.29% | 27.76% | <.0001 | 26.16% | 26.14% | .93 |
| DM | 5.85% | 7.05% | <.0001 | 6.36% | 6.36% | .96 |
| Hypothyroidism | 4.40% | 5.57% | <.0001 | 4.82% | 4.83% | .92 |
| CHF | 3.39% | 18.70% | <.0001 | 15.64% | 15.63% | .95 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 0.17% | 2.11% | <.0001 | 0.81% | 0.83% | .67 |
| COPD | 17.38% | 26.45% | <.0001 | 25.31% | 25.30% | .96 |
| CKD | 2.31% | 6.25% | <.0001 | 4.87% | 4.86% | .85 |
| Pulmonary HTN | 0.42% | 1.19% | <.0001 | 0.69% | 0.69% | .99 |
| Smoking (tobacco use disorder) | 50.05% | 42.23% | <.0001 | 42.52% | 42.53% | .96 |
| Drug abuse | 8.07% | 6.65% | <.0001 | 6.17% | 6.17% | .99 |
| Valvular heart disease | 0.94% | 4.08% | <.0001 | 2.76% | 2.76% | .90 |
| Electrolyte imbalance | 44.93% | 56.92% | <.0001 | 56.94% | 56.93% | .95 |
| Coagulopathy | 18.36% | 22.71% | <.0001 | 22.11% | 22.13% | .88 |
| Prior MI | 2.51% | 6.00% | <.0001 | 4.83% | 4.82% | .96 |
| PVD | 1.82% | 4.97% | <.0001 | 3.90% | 3.90% | .99 |
| Liver diseases | 19.07% | 19.56% | <.0001 | 19.09% | 19.08% | .98 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Hospital bed size | <.0001 | |||||
| Small | 22.68% | 19.95% | 22.69% | 20.13% | <.0001 | |
| Medium | 29.62% | 29.77% | 29.70% | 29.77% | ||
| Large | 47.70% | 50.28% | 47.61% | 50.10% | ||
| Hospital region | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| Northeast | 25.91% | 22.82% | 23.03% | 23.12% | ||
| Midwest | 22.82% | 22.54% | 27.00% | 22.19% | ||
| South | 30.29% | 31.59% | 31.41% | 31.65% | ||
| West | 20.98% | 23.06% | 18.57% | 23.04% | ||
| Hospital location | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| Rural | 7.93% | 6.98% | 7.75% | 6.96% | ||
| Urban non-teaching | 22.29% | 22.80% | 21.60% | 22.81% | ||
| Urban teaching | 69.78% | 70.22% | 70.65% | 70.23% |
CHF = congestive heart failure; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; HLD = hyperlipidemia; HTN = hypertension; MI = myocardial infarction; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PI = Pacific Islander; PVD = peripheral vascular disease.