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. 2021 Dec 10;12:751003. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751003

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Niu, Chen and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Virulence profiles across the phylogeny of the 151 L. monocytogenes isolates. The presence/absence gene matrix represents, from left to right, genes located in the pathogenicity islands LIPI-1 (prfA, plcA, hly, mpl, actA, plcB), LIPI-3 (llsAGHXBYDP) and LIPI-4 (LM9005581_70009 to LM9005581_70014), genes coding for internalins (inlABCFGK) and other genes involved in adherence (ami, fbpA, lap, lapB), invasion (aut, cwhA, lpeA, vip, gtcA), stress (clpC, clpE, clpP), intracellular growth (hpt, lplA1, prsA2), immunomodulator (lntA), peptidase (lspA), immune evasion (oatA, pdgA) and bile-resistance (bsh).