Figure 6.

Impact of infection and Infection-PZQ treatment combo on host immune response. Outcome measure = Change in immune markers in animals. (A) Serum total cytokine levels (B) and total IgE levels were determined by ELISA in ng/ml and ug/ml respectively. (C) Liver lobes collected from animals treated according to the differential scheme and sacrificed at week 16 were homogenized and the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL13, IFN-g and IL-10) was determined as a function of the protein amount of liver tissue probed. Liver lobes were processed for FACS analysis and the gating of cells and cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells defined as shown in (D). (E) Summary frequencies of cytokine-producing hepatic CD4+ T cells. Experiments were conducted in two independent runs with 5-7 mice per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; NS = p > 0.05; *= p < 0.05 as determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with correction for multiple comparisons by Dunn’s test.