Table 3. Comparison of Characteristics by Cause of Death Among Youths Previously Incarcerated in the Juvenile Legal System, 2010 to 2017, With Death Data Through 2019.
| Characteristic | aIRR (95% CI) by cause of death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All cause | Homicide | Suicide | Overdose | Othera | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 1.32 (0.57-3.02) | 1.43 (0.44-4.62) | NA | 0.61 (0.14-2.71) | 1.53 (0.20-11.50) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Black | 1.91 (1.24-2.94) | 14.24 (4.45-45.63) | 0.18 (0.04-0.89) | 0.31 (0.10-0.99) | 0.95 (0.39-2.32) |
| Otherb | 1.15 (0.40-3.27) | 2.85 (0.30-27.39) | NA | NA | 3.00 (0.79-11.35) |
| Age at death or study end, y | |||||
| 15-21 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 22-29 | 0.09 (0.06-0.14) | 0.08 (0.05-0.14) | 0.12 (0.03-0.46) | 0.21 (0.07-0.62) | 0.07 (0.03-0.16) |
| Age at release, y | |||||
| 11-17 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 18-21 | 2.09 (1.41-3.11) | 1.83 (1.09-3.07) | 2.02 (0.49-8.26) | 1.67 (0.57-4.88) | 3.42 (1.39-8.45) |
| Offense type | |||||
| Person | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Property | 1.51 (0.97-2.36) | 1.80 (0.99-3.28) | 0.56 (0.11-2.88) | 1.91 (0.64-5.69) | 1.10 (0.38-3.20) |
| Otherc | 1.41 (0.85-2.35) | 1.75 (0.92-3.33) | 0.58 (0.07-4.96) | 0.50 (0.06-4.23) | 1.59 (0.55-4.59) |
| Length of incarceration, y | |||||
| ≤1 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| >1 | 0.85 (0.56-1.30) | 0.91 (0.53-1.57) | 0.74 (0.17-3.26) | 0.28 (0.06-1.36) | 1.23 (0.51-3.01) |
| Repeat offender | |||||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.58-1.67) | 0.91 (0.44-1.88) | 1.61 (0.33-7.97) | 3.00 (1.01-8.92) | 0.21 (0.03-1.59) |
Abbreviations: aIRR, adjusted incidence rate ratio; NA, not applicable.
a
Other cause of death includes natural causes, accident, and other or unknown.
b
Other race and ethnicity includes Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, multiracial, American Indian or Alaska Native, and other or unknown.
c
Other offense type includes drug-related, public-order crimes, and other or unknown.