Figure 4.

Immunization of mice with pSinCCHF-52S expressing NP protein of CCHFV (n = 5) induced specific production of IFN-γ (p = 0.0369) (A), IL-2 (p = 0.0495) (B), and an insignificant increase in production of TNF-a (p = 0.1) (C) as compared to cytokine responses in mice immunized with pSinGFP (n = 3). Murine splenocytes were stimulated with CCHFV antigen, as described in the Materials and Methods section. Cytokine expression was measured by ELISA using commercial kits (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). Data are expressed as the mean for the group, with the standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05.