Table 4.

Potential application of physically cross-linked CD-containing hydrogels.

No.	Drug	Formation Materials	Hydrogel State	Type of Cells	Summary	Potential Application	Ref.
1	Berberine hydrochloride	β-CD; Bacterial cellulose;	Nano- particle	S. aureus; P. aeruginosa; E. coli	The ultra-fine network of bacterial cellulose resulted in different release characteristics of berberine hydrochloride. The drug-loaded hydrogel had a good antibacterial effect as revealed by in vitro experiments.	Oral administration medicine	[54]
2	Chlorhexidine	β-CD; NaCl; NaHCO3; CaCl2	Contact lenses	E. coli	β-CD in eye drops significantly enhanced the delivery of chlorhexidine into the cornea.	Ocular delivery	[81]
3	Coumestrol	Hydroxypropyl-β-CD; methylcellulose	Not mentioned	Animals	Hydrogel has high efficacy in wound healing when compared to Dersani, with 50% wound healing achieved within a shorter period compared to this positive control.	Wound dressing materials	[53]
4	Curcumin	Hydroxypropyl-β-CD; silver nanoparticles; bacterial cellulose	Film	P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; C. aureus; Panc 1, U251, MSTO	The nano-silver particles loaded into the bacterial cellulose hydrogel showed high cytocompatibility and therapeutic effects against three common wound infection pathogens.	Wound dressing materials	[82]
5	Curcumin	β-CD; Polyvinyl alcohol	Film	Glioblastoma cell line C6; melanoma cell line B16F10; astrocyte cells	The hydrogel controlled the release of curcumin (48 h, 85% release). The polymer membrane had higher cytotoxicity than curcumin. The drug-loaded hydrogel showed prolonged cytotoxic effects (up to 96 h) at a lower concentration (50 μg/mL).	Local drug delivery system to treat cancer	[83]
6	Curcumin	2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD; sodium alginate; chitosan	Film	E. coli; S. aureus; NCTC clone 929 cells; NHDF cells	High concentration of crosslinking agent concentration improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel and decreased the hygroscopicity, water swelling, and weight loss. In addition, hydrogel showed a slow-release effect (t > 50 h). Curcumin-loaded double-layer hydrogel effectively treated E. coli and S. aureus. The double-layer hydrogel was not toxic to NCTC clone 929 cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts.	Wound dressing materials	[48]
7	Gallic acid	Hydroxypropyl-β-CD; bacterial cellulose; poly (vinyl alcohol)	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	The swelling properties during encapsulation were inferior. The release profile of the complex was slower compared with gallic acid.	Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products	[55]
8	Honey bee propolis extract	β-CD; κ-Carrageenan	Not mentioned	S. aureus; P. aeruginosa; Aspergillus Flavus; Candida albicans	Higher active compound concentration ensures sustained in vitro release.	Wound dressing	[80]
9	Levofloxacin; methotrexate	Hydroxypropyl-β-CD; xanthan gum	Film	E. coli; S. aureus	The hydrogel loaded with the methotrexate showed a well-controlled release profile (t > 600 min). The hydrogel loaded with levofloxacin had a good antibacterial effect.	Drug delivery system	[57]
10	Red thyme oil	γ-CD; polyvinyl alcohol; chitosan; clinoptilolite	Film	L929 cells	Hydrogels with clinoptilolite contained characteristics such as compressed structure, improved mechanical properties, decreased swelling values, and reduced release rate of the drug. In addition, prepared hydrogels were low-toxic based on MTT assay.	Drug delivery systems and wound dressings	[84]
11	Thyme oil	Methyl-β-CD; hydroxypropyl-β-CD; γ-CD; chitosan; polyvinyl alcohol	Film	E. coli; S. aureus	The water vapor transmission rate of the hydrogel was appropriate for application in wound dressing. The swelling degree of hydrogel loaded with thyme oil varied with the pH. The hydrogels containing γ-CD had good antibacterial activity.	Wound dressings	[49,85]