Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the antibody-conjugated nanoparticle preparation: (a) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) loaded with the drug (Doxorubicin) and coated with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) layer (gray) are grafted with an Azide moiety (N₃, green) using NHS ester coupling. (b) The lysine residues (purple) of different antibodies were labelled with a DBCO moiety (blue) via NHS ester coupling. (c) Click chemistry reaction of the Azide-functionalized nanoparticle with the DBCO-labelled antibodies resulting in the final antibody-conjugated nanoparticle.