Table 3.
Comparison of consumption of selected diet items between the participants stratified by the absence/presence of xerostomia.
| Consumption of Diet Items | STUDY GROUPS # | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No-Xerostomia N (% of Total) |
Xerostomia N (% of Total) |
Significance ^ | |
| CARBOHYDRATES | |||
| Bread | |||
| Low frequency | 166 (13.8) | 24 (22.9) | 0.029 |
| Medium frequency | 251 (20.9) | 16 (15.2) | |
| High frequency | 785 (65.3) | 65 (61.9) | |
| Rice and pasta | |||
| Low frequency | 699 (60.0) | 58 (58.0) | |
| Medium frequency | 363 (31.2) | 28 (28.0) | 0.222 |
| High frequency | 103 (8.8) | 14 (14.0) | |
| Cereals | |||
| Low frequency | 517 (45.2) | 46 (46.0) | |
| Medium frequency | 417 (36.5) | 35 (35.0) | 0.957 |
| High frequency | 210 (18.4) | 19 (19.0) | |
| Potatoes | |||
| Low frequency | 334 (27.6) | 31 (29.8) | |
| Medium frequency | 534 (44.2) | 41 (39.4) | 0.645 |
| High frequency | 341 (28.2) | 32 (30.8) | |
| PROTEINS | |||
| Meat | |||
| Low frequency | 188 (15.6) | 23 (21.5) | |
| Medium frequency | 489 (40.5) | 34 (31.8) | 0.122 |
| High frequency | 530 (43.9) | 50 (46.7) | |
| Processed meat products | |||
| Low frequency | 509 (49.0) | 58 (64.4) | |
| Medium frequency | 312 (30.0) | 17 (18.9) | 0.016 |
| High frequency | 218 (21.0) | 15 (16.7) | |
| Fat fish | |||
| Low frequency | 795 (73.5) | 55 (59.2) | 0.009 |
| Medium frequency | 220 (20.4) | 31 (33.3) | |
| High frequency | 66 (6.1) | 7 (7.5) | |
| Lean fish | |||
| Low frequency | 871 (75.2) | 63 (61.8) | 0.009 |
| Medium frequency | 226 (19.5) | 29 (28.4) | |
| High frequency | 61 (5.3) | 10 (9.8) | |
| Eggs | |||
| Low frequency | 413 (34.4) | 37 (35.6) | |
| Medium frequency | 520 (43.3) | 44 (42.3) | 0.970 |
| High frequency | 267 (22.3) | 23 (22.1) | |
| Nuts and seeds | |||
| Low frequency | 693 (60.3) | 58 (57.5) | |
| Medium frequency | 281 (24.5) | 27 (26.7) | 0.841 |
| High frequency | 175 (15.2) | 16 (15.8) | |
| OILS | |||
| Linseed oil | |||
| Low frequency | 919 (84.3) | 81 (81.8) | |
| Medium frequency | 95 (8.7) | 8 (8.1) | 0.512 |
| High frequency | 76 (7.0) | 10 (10.1) | |
| Olive oil | |||
| Low frequency | 659 (60.6) | 56 (57.7) | |
| Medium frequency | 287 (26.3) | 26 (26.8) | 0.773 |
| High frequency | 142 (13.1) | 15 (15.5) | |
| Refined oils | |||
| Low frequency | 500 (46.2) | 48 (49.5) | |
| Medium frequency | 345 (31.9) | 28 (28.9) | 0.792 |
| High frequency | 238 (22.0) | 21 (21.6) | |
| Cold-pressed oils | |||
| Low frequency | 821 (81.5) | 72 (80.9) | 0.013 |
| Medium frequency | 130 (12.9) | 6 (6.7) | |
| High frequency | 56 (5.6) | 11 (12.4) | |
| VEGETABLES and FRUITS | |||
| Vegetables | |||
| Low frequency | 101 (8.3) | 8 (7.5) | 0.792 |
| Medium frequency | 253 (21.0) | 18 (16.8) | |
| High frequency | 853 (70.7) | 81 (75.7) | |
| Fruits | |||
| Low frequency | 238 (19.4) | 22 (20.0) | |
| Medium frequency | 380 (31.0) | 37 (33.6) | 0.792 |
| High frequency | 609 (49.6) | 51 (46.4) | |
| DAIRY PRODUCTS | |||
| Dairy (non-fermented) | |||
| Low frequency | 610 (52.5) | 268 (23.1) | |
| Medium frequency | 268 (23.1) | 17 (16.3) | 0.288 |
| High frequency | 284 (24.4) | 27 (26.0) | |
| Fermented dairy products | |||
| Low frequency | 544 (46.5) | 41 (39.8) | |
| Medium frequency | 377 (32.2) | 42 (40.8) | 0.205 |
| High frequency | 248 (21.3) | 20 (19.4) | |
| DESSERTS WITH ADDED SUGAR | |||
| Low frequency | 360 (36.0) | 30 (36.1) | 0.848 |
| Medium frequency | 304 (30.4) | 23 (27.7) | |
| High frequency | 336 (33.6) | 30 (36.1) | |
| SWEETENED DRINKS | |||
| Low frequency | 327 (33.5) | 31 (35.6) | |
| Medium frequency | 345 (35.3) | 33 (37.9) | 0.651 |
| High frequency | 305 (31.2) | 23 (26.4) | |
| DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTS | |||
| Fish oil supplements | |||
| Low frequency | 883 (80.0) | 79 (79.8) | |
| Medium frequency | 73 (6.6) | 6 (6.1) | 0.961 |
| High frequency | 148 (13.4) | 14 (14.1) | |
| Probiotic supplements | |||
| Low frequency | 988 (93.1) | 77 (83.7) | |
| Medium frequency | 34 (3.2) | 9 (9.8) | 0.002 |
| High frequency | 39 (3.7) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Omega 3 supplements | |||
| Low frequency | 869 (77.5) | 79 (80.6) | |
| Medium frequency | 65 (5.8) | 7 (7.2) | 0.479 |
| High frequency | 187 (16.7) | 12 (12.1) | |
^ Chi-square test. # Different numbers in comparison groups due to missing data.