Table 7.

Ni release from NiTi archwire or orthodontic devices with NiTi wire on exposure to saliva or biological fluid.

Concentration	Unit	Time (Days)	Type of Sample	Technique	Solution/V for Exposure	pH	Author	Recalculated Conc. (µg/cm2/week)
11.77	ppb/day	1	Orthodontic devices with NiTi wire	HR-ICP/MS	A. sal. 50 mL	6.75	[94]	3.56
10.83	ppb/day	6						3.27
6.13	ppb/day	7						1.85
3.38	ppb/day	14						1.02
835.1	ppb/day	1				3.5		252
459.5	ppb/day	6						139
138.9	ppb/day	7						42.0
61.9	ppb/day	14						18.7
4.29	ppb	1	Orthodontic devices with NiTi wire	AAS	A. sal. 100 mL	6.75	[95]	1.13
8.41	ppb	7						0.32
2.76	ppb	14						0.052
1.58	ppb	21						0.02
0.70	ppb	28						0.0066
0.62	ppm	1	Orthodontic devices with NiTi wire		A. sal. 25 mL	6.69	[88]	0.075
0.234	ppm	4						0.0071
0.395	ppm	7						0.0068
0.452	ppm	9						0.0061
0.669	ppm	14						0.0058
0.917	ppm	21						0.0053
1.267	ppm	28						0.0055
0.44	µg/L	1	NiTi wire	ICP-MS	A. sal. 100 mL	6.5	[3]	0.39
0.49	µg/L	2						0.22
0.4	µg/L	3						0.12
0.37	µg/L	7						0.047
0.33	µg/L	14						0.021
0.28	µg/L	21						0.012
0.00122	ng/mm2	7	NiTi wire	AAS	HBBS	/	[110]	0.000122
0.00160	ng/mm2	14						0.00008
0.00204	ng/mm2	30						0.00005
Cca. 5	ng/L	14	NiTi wire	ICP-OES	0.9 M NaCl 25 mL	/	[111]	0.000043
Cca. 11	ng/L	30						0.000047
Cca. 20	ng/L	60						0.000043
Cca. 1	µg/cm2	1	NiTi wire	AAS	A. sal. 2 mL	3.75	[36]	7.0
Cca. 1	µg/cm2	3						2.3
Cca. 2.5	µg/cm2	7						2.5
Cca. 3	µg/cm2	14						1.5
Cca. 5	µg/cm2	28						1.25
Cca. 0.1	µg/cm2	1				6.25		0.7
Cca. 0.3	µg/cm2	3						0.7
Cca. 0.8	µg/cm2	7						0.8
Cca. 1.9	µg/cm2	14						0.95
Cca. 2.0	µg/cm2	28						0.5