Figure 6.
Genotoxicity of the tested engineered nanoparticles (ENP) in human alveolar epithelial cells under submerged (A,B) and ALI (C,D) conditions. Primary (A,C) and oxidative (B,D) DNA damage were assessed at 24 h after exposure to the ENP suspensions by the alkaline and FPG-modified comet assay versions, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3–4). Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test. * p ≤ 0.05 and *** p ≤ 0.001 vs. negative control. # p ≤ 0.05 vs. incubator control and $ p ≤ 0.05 vs. exposure control. PC: Positive control; 500 µM MMS and 2.5 mM KBrO3 for primary (A) and oxidative (B) DNA damage under submerged conditions, respectively.