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Mitochondrial singlet oxygen stress assay by triple-stain technique—comparing control and OI-treated HSC-3 cells. (A) nuclear stain by DAPI emits blue fluorescence. (B) viable cell by calcein green—the fluorescent calcein molecule is restored, which is trapped in the cell and emits strong green fluorescence. (C) mitostress by SiDMA stain—Si-DMA is able to selectively detect the 1O2 by emitting red fluorescence. (D) merger view shows both green and red fluorescence.
