Exosomes isolated from RR cells increased the resistance of recipient cells to doxorubicin and ionising radiation. (A) Chemosensitivity to increasing doses of doxorubicin was determined for (i) REM134, (ii) REM134 RR, (iii) MDA-MB-231 and (iv) MDA-MB-231 RR cells. Cells were seeded for 24 h with exosomes (50 μg/mL) isolated from either non-RR or RR corresponding cell lines prior to treatment with the indicated dose of doxorubicin. Cell viability was assayed 72 h after doxorubicin treatment. (B) Colony-forming ability after treatment with 0, 2.5 or 5 Gy was determined for (i) REM134, (ii) REM134 RR, (iii) MDA-MB-231 and (iv) MDA-MB-231 RR cells. All cell lines were pretreated with exosomes (50 μg/mL) isolated from either non-RR or RR corresponding cell lines for 24 h prior to irradiation. Three repeats were performed, and significance was determined by a two-sample t test. Error bars indicate ±SD. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.00001.