Table 3.
Different disinfection methods and their common application.
| Types | Characteristics | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Hot water dissolves inorganic salts, emulsifies fats, washes away organic debris, and easily kills ASFV. | For pig pen cleaning and disinfection, avoid scalding workers or bystanders. |
| Calcium oxide | Lime wash (calcium oxide mixed with water) has biocidal effects on bacteria and viruses, including ASFV. | Spread on the ground or buried carcasses after depopulation. |
| Chlorine disinfectants | Concentration, pH, presence of natural proteins, and ammonia affect the efficacy of chlorine-based disinfectants. | Commonly used in water disinfection and sewage treatment in a high concentration, whereas fecal material generally inhibited sodium hypochlorite-based disinfectants. |
| Iodine and iodine-based disinfectants | Iodophors are combinations of iodine with various carrier compounds. Hard water and organic material reduce the activity of iodophors. | Iodophors are used for general cleaning and disinfection, such as teat dips and surgical scrubs. |
| Sodium hydroxide | Corrosive and irritating, potential dangers to the environment and to people. | Equipment, vehicle, and sewage disinfection. |
| Phenolic compounds | Strong odor, enveloped viruses are sensitive to it, as are pigs; small doses could be fatal for pigs. | Use as foot bath disinfectant at the entrances of animal facilities. |
| Organic acids | Bactericidal and mild viricidal properties make organic acids a good choice of disinfectant in food processing. | For drinking water, feed, and vegetable disinfection. |
| Formaldehyde | Formaldehyde fumigation can only be completed when the temperature is above 13 °C and the relative humidity is above 70%. | Used for fumigating vehicles, rooms, or even buildings that can be sealed. |