Table 4.
Amino acids and amino acids-related enzymes, organic acids, and fatty acids of control and endophytic bacterial -treated Chenopodium ambrosoides, Chenopodium ficifolium, and Chenopodium botrys sprouts. Data are represented by the means of at least 3 replicates ± standard deviations. Different small letter superscripts (a, b) within a row indicate significant differences between control and endophytic bacterial samples.
| C. ambrosoides | C. ficifolium | C. botrys | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Endo | Control | Endo | Control | Endo | |
| Amino Acid Metabolism ( µg/gFW) | ||||||
| Glutamic acid | 14.6 ± 1.1 a | 19.2 ± 1.8 b | 14.98 ± 1 a | 18.4 ± 2.7 b | 14.5 ± 1.4 a | 19.9 ± 1.3 b |
| Glutamine | 12.8 ± 0.9 a | 16.4 ± 1.1 b | 12.5 ± 0.9 a | 16.0 ± 1.2 b | 12.6 ± 1.3 a | 17.4 ± 1.3 b |
| Serine | 6.39 ± 0.3 a | 8.61 ± 1.1 b | 6.7 ± 0.5 a | 8.8 ± 0.8 b | 9.8 ± 2.4 a | 11.8 ± 1.9 c |
| Glycine | 8.3 ± 0.13 a | 9.6 ± 0.0 b | 7.6 ± 0.12 a | 9.5 ± 0.7 b | 7.3 ± 0.66 a | 9.7 ± 0.18 b |
| Arg | 13.6 ± 0.5 a | 16 ± 1.5 ab | 20.9 ± 3.5 a | 23.3 ± 2.3 b | 21.6 ± 3.8 a | 24.2 ± 1.8 b |
| Alanine | 2.4 ± 0.3 a | 2.48 ± 0.8 a | 3.5 ± 0.16 a | 2.7 ± 0.5 b | 3.4 ± 0.8 a | 2.85 ± 0.5 a |
| Histidine | 5.2 ± 0.48 a | 5.7 ± 0.2 ab | 4.98 ± 0.8 a | 5.2 ± 0.29 a | 6.1 ± 0.42 a | 4.6 ± 0.7 b |
| Valine | 5.3 ± 0.7 a | 6.95 ± 1 b | 5.05 ± 1.3 a | 5.72 ± 0.9 a | 5.9 ± 0.8 a | 6.0 ± 1.04 a |
| Methionine | 2.2 ± 0.19 a | 2.9 ± 0.3 ab | 2.01 ± 0.2 a | 3.5 ± 0.4 b | 1.65 ± 0.1 a | 3.31 ± 0.0 b |
| Cystine | 1.4 ± 0.03 a | 2.1 ± 0.18 b | 1.7 ± 0.06 a | 2.3 ± 0.2 b | 1.4 ± 0.12 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 ab |
| Isoleucine | 4.2 ± 0.2 a | 5.48 ± 0.3 a | 7.15 ± 1 a | 7.3 ± 1.5 a | 5.2 ± 0.79 a | 7.8 ± 0.9 b |
| Leucine | 13.8 ± 0.4 a | 14 ± 0.9 ab | 11.5 ± 1.4 a | 12.0 ± 1.1 a | 11.1 ± 0.7 a | 13.0 ± 1 ab |
| Tyrosine | 5.6 ± 0.7 a | 6.3 ± 0.5 ab | 5.47 ± 0.4 a | 7.2 ± 0.2 b | 5.3 ± 0.1 a | 6.4 ± 0.6 ab |
| Lysine | 13.5 ± 0.3 a | 21.1 ± 1.6 b | 12.8 ± 0.6 a | 21.3 ± 1.3 b | 13.3 ± 0.7 a | 25.8 ± 2.5 b |
| Threonine | 4.6 ± 0.3 a | 5.3 ± 0.6 ab | 4.4 ± 0.4 a | 6.3 ± 0.2 b | 4.9 ± 0.1 a | 5.9 ± 0.2 ab |
| Trep | 0.4 ± 0.04 a | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.04 a | 0.6 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.04 |
| Amino Acid Biosynthesis Enzymes | ||||||
| GS (nmol γ-glutamyl hydroxamate/mg protein min−1) |
5.4 ± 0.4 a | 7.14 ± 0.5 b | 5.51 ± 0.4 a | 6.8 ± 0.7 ab | 5.44 ± 0.5 a | 7.4 ± 0.7 b |
| DHDPS (nmol o-ABA and L-2,3- dihydrodipicolinate adduct/mg protein min−1) |
2.09 ± 0.3 a | 2.4 ± 0.2 a | 2.09 ± 0.3 a | 3.5 ± 0.2 b | 2.5 ± 0.4 a | 3.1 ± 0.3 b |
| CGS (nmol L-cystathionine/mg protein min−1) |
0.012 ± 0 a | 0.033 ± 0 b | 0.013 ± 0 a | 0.039 ± 0 b | 0.014 ± 0 a | 0.37 ± 0 b |
| Organic Acid (mg/g FW) | ||||||
| Oxalic | 9.08 ± 0.8 a | 9.5 ± 0.4 a | 3.5 ± 0.5 a | 4.73 ± 4.7 b | 1.92 ± 0.3 a | 4.73 ± 0.5 b |
| Malic | 2.3 ± 0.31 a | 3.58 ± 0.2 ab | 2.92 ± 0.3 a | 2.67 ± 0.6 a | 2.1 ± 0.22 a | 4.27 ± 0.9 b |
| Succinic | 2.17 ± 0 a | 2.03 ± 0 a | 1.75 ± 0.3 a | 3.5 ± 0.3 a | 3.2 ± 1.2 a | 5.9 ± 0.9 b |
| Citric | 1.3 ± 0.04 a | 1.9 ± 0.09 a | 2.96 ± 0.29 a | 2.9 ± 0.2 a | 2.88 ± 0.5 a | 2.5 ± 0.5 ab |
| Lactic | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.24 ± 0.1 a | 0.32 ± 0.09 a | 0.26 ± 0.07 a | 0.33 ± 0.05 a | 0.49 ± 0.05 ab |
| Fatty Acids (mg/g FW) | ||||||
| Tetradecanoic (C14:0) | 0.7 ± 0.1 a | 0.8 ± 0.1 ab | 0.8 ± 0.1 a | 0.98 ± 0.09 b | 0.66 ± 0.06 a | 1.02 ± 0.1 b |
| Pentadecanoic (C16:0) | 12 ± 2 a | 15.8 ± 1 ab | 11.6 ± 0.6 a | 15.5 ± 0.7 ab | 18 ± 1.6 a | 18.1 ± 1.3 a |
| Eicosanoic (C20:0) | 0.8 ± 0.03 a | 0.96 ± 0.1 ab | 1.1 ± 0.2 a | 1.02 ± 0.1 a | 0.88 ± 0.09 a | 0.96 ± 0.1 a |
| Docosanoic (C22:0) | 0.8 ± 0.1 a | 1.45 ± 0.2 b | 0.91 ± 0.1 a | 1.29 ± 0.1 ab | 0.91 ± 0.1 a | 1.2 ± 0.1 ab |
| Octadecanoic (C18:0) | 6.9 ± 0.7 a | 10.2 ± 1.8 b | 7.2 ± 0.8 a | 8.9 ± 0.9 ab | 7.2 ± 1.2 a | 9.5 ± 1.2 b |
| Pentacosanoic (C24:0) | 0.14 ± 0.0 a | 0.13 ± 0.02 a | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 0.13 ± 0.01 a | 0.15 ± 0.1 a |
| Pentadecanoic (C16:1) | 1.42 ± 0.1 a | 1.3 ± 0.09 a | 1.4 ± 0.23 a | 2.3 ± 0.2 b | 1.55 ± 0.3 a | 2.5 ± 0.1 b |
| Pentadecanoic (C16:1) | 0.89 ± 0.0 a | 0.74 ± 0.09 a | 0.69 ± 0.03 a | 0.9 ± 0.14 b | 0.44 ± 0.1 a | 0.43 ± 0.06 a |
| Pentadecanoic (C16:3) | 1.0 ± 0.5 a | 0.59 ± 0.2 a | 0.9 ± 0.4 a | 0.52 ± 0.2 a | 0.73 ± 0.3 a | 0.6 ± 0.2 a |
| Octadecanoic (C18:1) | 3.73 ± 0. a | 3.96 ± 0.8 a | 2.97 ± 0.4 a | 4.45 ± 0.6 b | 3.46 ± 0.6 a | 4.48 ± 0.7 b |
| Octadecanoic (C18:2) | 21.5 ± 0.9 a | 24.2 ± 1.4 a | 25.1 ± 1.9 a | 22.5 ± 0.8 a | 24.2 ± 1 a | 20.8 ± 0.5 a |
| Heptadecanoic (C18:3) | 12.1 ± 3. a | 25.64 ± 2.3 b | 23.3 ± 3.3 a | 29.68 ± 6 b | 25.81 ± 4.1 a | 26.52 ± 0.4 a |
| Heptadecanoic (C18:4) | 1.0 ± 0.06 a | 1.27 ± 0.14 a | 1.04 ± 0.3 a | 1.2 ± 0.08 a | 1.13 ± 0.2 a | 1.16 ± 0.09 a |
| Tetracosanoic (C20:3) | 0.11 ± 0.01 a | 0.26 ± 0.0 b | 0.22 ± 0.07 a | 0.23 ± 0.04 a | 0.2 ± 0.06 a | 0.19 ± 0.04 a |