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. 2021 Dec 7;22(24):13182. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413182

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Cancer cells develop resistance to Photodynamic therapy through altered genetic profiling, increase in DNA damage repair mechanism, increase in AKT/mTOR signaling and expression of ROS-scavenger proteins. In the mitochondria, PDT can lead to dysregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein at the cell membrane, overexpression of efflux proteins such as the P-glycoproteins, and autolysosome formation through recycling of cytoplasmic content for cell survival.