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. 2021 Dec 11;19(12):702. doi: 10.3390/md19120702

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of multiple fucoidan extracts on LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in human THP-1. Cells were pre-treated with several fucoidan extracts. UPF and its derived extracts (A–C), FVF and its derived extracts (D–F), MPF and derived extracts (G–I), FVC (J), ANF (K) and LJF (L) with indicated doses (10, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) for 24 h before LPS treatment (0.5 µg/mL), supernatants were isolated, and the amounts of TNF-α was measured. Data represented as means ± SEM. Statistical analyses were carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test of three independent experiments run in triplicates (n = 3). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, *** p < 0.0001, and **** p < 0.00001.