Table 2.
Assessment of Study Quality According to the 25-Item CONSORT Guidelines.
| Study | Checklist Item | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | Total | (%) | |
| Woo et al., 2020 [27] | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 56 |
| Kempf et al., 2019 [28] | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20.5 | 82 |
| Shrivastava et al., 2017 [29] | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13.5 | 54 |
| Proeschold-Bell et al., 2017 [30] | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 64 |
| Steinberg et al., 2015 [31] | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11.5 | 46 |
| Kramer et al., 2015 [32] | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 48 |
| Puhkala et al., 2015 [33] | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 05 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 76 |
| Inoue et al., 2014 [34] | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 44 |
| Chen et al., 2013 [35] | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 40 |
| Allen et al., 2012 [36] | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.5 | 38 |
| Nanri et al., 2012 [37] | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Maruyama et al., 2010 [38] | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 60 |
| Racette et al., 2009 [39] | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 64 |
Score 0: if not applicable; Score 0.5: if partially applicable; Score 1: if fully applicable. 1: Title/abstract; 2: Introduction; 3: Trial design; 4: Participants; 5: Interventions; 6: Outcomes; 7: Sample size; 8: Randomisation; 9: Allocation; 10: Implementation; 11: Blinding; 12: Statistical methods; 13: Participant flow; 14: Recruitment; 15: Baseline data; 16: Numbers analysed; 17: Outcomes and estimation; 18: ancillary analysis; 19: Hamms; 20: Limitations; 21: generalisability; 22: interpretation; 23: Registration; 24: Protocol; 25: Funding.