Table 1.

Nuclear targets and impact of S-nitrosylation in physiology.

Nuclear Protein Target	Function	Physiological Outcome
p53	Increase of chromatin binding	Skeletal muscle homeostasis [93]
MEF2	Loss of chromatin binding	Impairment of adult neurogenesis Apoptosis of cerebrocortical neurons [99,100]
AP-1	Loss of chromatin binding	Cardiomyocytes proliferation [104]
HIF-1α	Enhanced interaction with acetyltransferases Protein stabilization	Angiogenesis [86,87,89,90]
NF-kB	Loss of chromatin binding	Modulation of thyroid hormone synthesis and inflammation [94,95,96,97,98]
HDAC2	Loss of chromatin binding Impairment of protein-protein interaction Inhibition of deacetylase activity	Neurogenesis Skeletal muscle homeostasis Mesendodermal differentiation [107,108,109,111,120]
HDAC8	Inhibition of deacetylase activity	Activation of transcription (demonstrated only in vitro) [112]
Sirt1	Inhibition of target proteins deacetylase activity	Inhibition of inflammation [116,117]
MTA3	Loss of protein-protein interactions	Pluripotency [118]
RING1A	Loss of chromatin binding	Transdifferentiation [119]