Table 1.
Receptor ligands for TLRs; dsRNA-double-stranded RNA, ssRNA-single stranded RNA, LPS-lipopolisacharide, and dsDNA-double-stranded DNA.
| TLR | Location in the Cell | Ligand | Origin of the Ligand |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLR1/2 | Cell membrane | Triacylated lipopeptides | Bacteria, Mycobacteria |
| TLR2 | Cell membrane | Hemagglutinins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol, phospholipoman, lipoarabinomannan, peptidoglycans, porins, lipoproteins | Bacteria, Mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, self |
| TLR3 | Endolysosomal membrane | dsRNA, ssRNA | Viruses |
| TLR4 | Cell membrane | LPS, mannan, inositol phospholipids, envelope proteins | G- bacteria, viruses, self |
| TLR5 | Cell membrane | Flagellin | Bacteria |
| TLR2/6 | Cell membrane | Diacylated lipopeptides, zymosan, lipoteichoic acid | Bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, fungi |
| TLR7 (and human TLR8) | Endolysosomal membrane | ssRNA | Viruses, bacteria, fungi |
| TLR9 | Endolysosomal membrane | dsDNA, CpG DNA, hemozoin | Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, self |
| TLR10 | Endolysosomal membrane | HIV-1 gp41 | Viruses |
| TLR11 (mice) | Cell membrane | Profilin-like molecules | Protozoa |