Table 2.
Receptor ligands for NLRs and their functions in the body [84,102]. PRR-pattern recognition receptors, DAP-diaminopimelic acid, MDP-muramyl dipeptide, ROS-reactive oxygen species, and DAMPs-damage associated molecular patterns.
| Subgroup | NLR | Ligand/Function |
|---|---|---|
| NLRA | CIITA | Regulation of MHC II expression |
| NLRB | NAIP | PRR for flagellin, pyroptosis, inhibition of apoptosis |
| NLRC | NOD1 | PRR for DAP |
| NOD2 | PRR for MDP, viral ssRNA, autophagy, | |
| NLRC3 | Negative regulation of T cell activation and TLR activation | |
| NLRC4 | PRR for flagellin, rod proteins, pyroptosis, phagosome formation | |
| NLRC5 | Upregulation of MHC I expression, regulation of innate response | |
| NLRX1 | ROS production, autophagy induced by viral infection | |
| NLRP | NLRP1 | PRR for MDP and anthrax toxin |
| NLRP2 | Negative regulation of NF-kB, embryonic development | |
| NLRP3 | PRR for DAMPs | |
| NLRP4 | Negative regulation of IFN I, autophagy | |
| NLRP5 | embryogenesis | |
| NLRP6 | Negative regulation of NF-kB | |
| NLRP7 | PRR for lipopeptides | |
| NLRP8 | unknown | |
| NLRP9 | unknown | |
| NLRP10 | Migration of dendritic cells | |
| NLRP11 | unknown | |
| NLRP12 | Negative regulation of NF-kB | |
| NLRP13 | unknown | |
| NLRP14 | spermatogenesis |