Table 3.
PHA production using individual and mixed VFAs by pure microbial culture.
| Employed Substrate | Microorganism | Fermentation Type | DCW (g/L) | PHA Accumulation (%) | PHA Yield (g/L) | Type of PHA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid | Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 | Shaking flask | 5.4 | 30.8 | 1.66 | P(3HB) | [37] |
| Propionic acid | Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 | Shaking flask | 14.0 | 29.3 | 4.10 | P(3HB) | [37] |
| Butyric acid | Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 | Shaking flask | 14.5 | 31.9 | 4.62 | P(3HB) | [37] |
| Propionic acid + glucose Propionic acid + glucose Acetic acid + propionic acid + glucose |
Pseudomonas sp. ST2 Bacillus sp. CS8 Pseudomonas sp. ST2 + Bacillus sp. CS8 |
Shaking flask | ND | 34.0 24.0 35.0 |
ND | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [38] |
| Acetic acid Propionic acid Butyric acid Valeric acid |
Methylocystis hirsuta DSM 18500 | Shaking flask | ND | 2.4 1.1 1.8 9.0 |
ND | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [39] |
| Acetic acid + biogas Propionic acid + biogas Butyric acid + biogas Valeric acid + biogas |
Methylocystis hirsuta DSM 18500 | Shaking flask | ND | 52.3 47.9 52.2 53.8 |
ND | P(3HB) P(3HB-co-3HV) P(3HB) P(3HB-co-3HV) |
[39] |
| Acetic acid | Ralstonia eutropha H16 (DSM 428) | Shaking flask | ND | 33.3 | 0.5 | P(3HB) | [46] |
| Acetic acid | Clostridium autoethanogenum | Fed-batch | ND | 24 | ND | P(3HB) | [47] |
| Acetic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid | Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 | Batch | 1.2 | 25.0 | 0.30 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [41] |
| Acetic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid | Ralstonia eutropha KCTC 2658 | Batch | 1.5 | 50 | 0.75 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [41] |
| Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid Valeric acid |
Corynebacterium hydrocarboxydans Nocardia lucida Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 40126 |
Batch | ND | 21.0 20.0 29.0 43.0 |
ND | P(3HB-co-3HV) P(3HB-co-3HV) P(3HB-co-3HV) P(3HB-co-3HV) |
[48] |
| Butyric acid Valeric acid |
Bacillus sp. INT005 | Shaking flask | 0.8 0.7 |
31.5 18.8 |
0.25 0.13 |
P(3HB) P(3HB-co-3HV) |
[49] |
| Propionic acid + glucose Propionic acid + glycerol |
Bacillus megaterium OU303A | Shaking flask | ND | 62.4 57.2 |
ND | P(3HB) | [50] |
| Butyric acid + valeric acid + Tween 20 | Haloferax mediterranei | Fed batch | ND | 58.9 | ND | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [51] |
| Olive mill wastewater effluent rich in acetic, propionic, and butyric acid | Cupriavidus necator | Two-stage batch cultivation | 2.0 | 55.0 | 1.1 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [52] |
| Acetic acid 0.5 g/L 5.0 g/L |
Bacillus cereus strain HY | Shaking flask | 1.82 2.94 |
40.2 49.8 |
0.73 1.46 |
P(3HB) | [35] |
| Acetic, propionic, butyric |
Alcaligenes eutrophus | Shaking flask | 6.64 | 86.5 | 5.75 | P(3HB) | [53] |
| Acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. | Comamonas sp. EB172 | Fed-batch | 7.2 | 90 | 6.48 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [54] |
| Acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. | Comamonas sp. EB172 | Fed-batch | 9.8 | 59 | 5.78 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [55] |
| Acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. | Comamonas sp. EB172 | Shake flask | 3 | 20 | 0.6 | P(3HB-co-3HV) | [56] |
| Acetic, propionic, butyric |
Thauera sp. Paracoccus denitrificans |
Sequencing batch reactor | ND | 34.2 | 227.8 mg/L 673 mg/L |
P(3HB) P(3HB-co-3HV) |
[57] |
| Propionic and butyric acid | Ralstonia eutropha | Batch | 1.53 | 46.5 | 0.7 | P(3HB) | [58] |
| Lactic acid and acetic acid | Ralstonia eutropha | Fed batch | 75 | 73.1 | 54.8 | P(3HB) | [59] |
| Lactic acid and acetic acid | Cupriavidus necator CGUG 52238 | Batch | ND | 84.54 (w/w) | 0.79 g/g | P(3HB) | [60] |