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. 2021 Nov 23;9(12):2414. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9122414

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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No in vitro neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by immunized mouse sera. Focus reduction neutralization tests were performed with sera from mice immunized with controls and vaccine candidates. The left panel shows assay controls: the negative control (normal mouse serum) has 125–150 foci per well at all serum dilutions, while incubation with the positive control (vaccinated non-human primate serum) reduces the number of foci per well. No reduction in foci was observed after incubation with any of the experimental sera, including that from mice immunized with Spike + LPS (right panel). This lack of neutralization likely results from unproductive conformations of the Spike protein and displayed epitopes.