Table 4.

Antibacterial activity of VDF-TeFE/PVP/ZnO membranes with various PVP contents.

Sample	Incubation Time, h	Number of Microorganisms, CFU/mL	Growth Rate on a Control Sample	Growth Rate on Hybrid Samples	Antibacterial Activity
PVP 0%	0	1.67 × 104 ± 0.15	3.071	2.74	0.33
	24	2.00 × 107 ± 0.50
PVP 5%	0	1.40 × 104 ± 0.10		2.82	0.25
	24	9.17 × 106 ± 0.29
PVP 10%	0	1.43 × 104 ± 0.40		2.04	1.03
	24	1.53 × 106 ± 0.06
PVP 20%	0	1.60 × 104 ± 0.17		1.09	1.98
	24	1.97 × 105 ± 0.06
PVP 40%	0	1.67 × 104 ± 0.29		0.48	2.60
	24	5.00 × 104 ± 1.00