| COVID-19 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 |
| VOCs | Variants of concern |
| RBD | Receptor-binding domain |
| hACE2 | Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| HRP | Horseradish peroxidase |
| MPL | Monophosphoryl lipid A |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| NT50 | Neutralizing antibody titer needed to neutralize 50% of viral infectivity. |