Table 5.
Comparisons between two groups divided by 3 of the total stress score before and after the state of emergency.
| Jun–Mar 2020 | During the state of emergency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The total stress score | <3 | ≧3 | <3 | ≧3 | ||
| n = 508 | n = 166 | p value by unpaired t test | n = 508 | n = 166 | p value by ANCOVA | |
| Age | 66.7 ± 12.5 | 67.3 ± 12.1 | 0.59 | |||
| Gender (Male) | 318 (63%) | 73 (44%) | <0.001 | |||
| Office SBP (mmHg) | 137.5 ± 18.1 | 135.3 ± 16.1 | 0.16 | 138.7 ± 18.5 | 140.1 ± 19.4 | 0.04 |
| Office DBP (mmHg) | 78.4 ± 12.2 | 78.6 ± 11.7 | 0.88 | 79.1 ± 11.8 | 80.4 ± 13.1 | 0.13 |
| Office MAP (mmHg) | 98.1 ± 12.3 | 97.5 ± 11.4 | 0.57 | 99.9 ± 12.3 | 100.3 ± 13.4 | 0.048 |
| Home SBP (mmHg) | 127.9 ± 10.1 | 128.6 ± 11.0 | 0.48 | 126.3 ± 9.9 | 127.6 ± 11.3 | 0.18 |
| Home DBP (mmHg) | 76.1 ± 9.1 | 75.9 ± 8.7 | 0.85 | 75.1 ± 9.1 | 76.2 ± 9.6 | 0.01 |
| Home MAP (mmHg) | 93.3 ± 8.2 | 93.5 ± 7.9 | 0.88 | 92.2 ± 8.0 | 93.3 ± 9.1 | 0.02 |
| BW (kg) | 64.5 ± 12.4 | 64.3 ± 14.1 | 0.87 | 64.4 ± 12.5 | 64.4 ± 14.1 | 0.70 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 69.2 ± 18.0 | 66.1 ± 17.3 | 0.08 | 67.8 ± 18.0 | 65.7 ± 17.6 | 0.68 |
| HbA1c(mmol/mol (%)) | 47.7 ± 10.8 (6.5 ± 1.0) | 47.6 ± 10.3 (6.5 ± 0.9) | 0.92 | 48.0 ± 10.2 (6.5 ± 0.9) | 47.9 ± 9.9 (6.5 ± 0.9) | 0.89 |
| The logarithmic value of ACR | 2.46 ± 1.36 | 2.45 ± 1.32 | 0.95 | 2.55 ± 1.28 | 2.65 ± 1.34 | 0.12 |
| Estimated salt intake (g/day) | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 9.0 ± 2.0 | 0.70 | 8.9 ± 2.4 | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 0.69 |
| Urine Na/K ratio | 1.62 ± 0.86 | 1.56 ± 0.80 | 0.55 | 1.57 ± 1.11 | 1.63 ± 1.17 | 0.68 |
| The total stress score | <3 | ≧3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 508 | n = 166 | p value by unpaired t test | |
| The total stress score | −0.5 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| The frequency of the answers “much worsening” or “ a little worsening” | p value by chi-square test | ||
| Daily stress | 210 (41%) | 145 (87%) | <0.001 |
| Dietary intake | 44 (9%) | 73 (44%) | <0.001 |
| Salt intake | 4 (1%) | 38 (23%) | <0.001 |
| Frequency of dinner or lunch at home | 7 (1%) | 9 (5%) | <0.001 |
| Amount of exercise | 143 (29%) | 123 (74%) | <0.001 |
| Quality of sleep | 39 (8%) | 50 (30%) | <0.001 |
| Amount of alcohol intake | 12 (2%) | 16 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Adherence to taking medications | 12 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 0.64 |
| Feel fear for the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension | 259 (51%)a | 157 (95%)a | <0.001 |
Data shown are mean ± standard deviation, or numbers (%).
ANCOVA analysis of covariance, ACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, BW body weight, COVID-19 coronavirus disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, MAP mean arterial pressure.
aAnswers “Yes, moderately” or “Yes, strongly”.