Figure 6.

Effects of PS₅₀-S and PS₁₀₀-S on early larval development of M. galloprovincialis, evaluated in the 48 h embryotoxicity assay. Fertilized eggs were exposed to different concentrations of NPs in ASW (0.001–1000 μg/L). Data, reporting the percentage of normal D-shaped larvae, represent the mean ± SD of four experiments carried out in 96-multiwell plates (six replicate wells for each sample). Statistical analyses were performed by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis followed by the Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (* p < 0.05).