Table 5.
Perceived appetite, tiredness, and energy levels (measured in mm out of 100) of adolescent girls who participated in the randomised crossover trial comparing seven days of breakfast consumption (BC) with seven days of breakfast omission (BO) 1.
| BC | BO | 95% CI for BC vs. BO 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waking | 09:00 | 10:30 | Waking | 09:00 | 10:30 | ||
| Hunger | 35 (24–47) |
30 (18–41) |
34 (22–46) |
24 (12–35) |
41 (29–52) |
54 (42–66) |
−13.3–0.4 |
| Fullness | 46 (31–61) |
56 (41–70) |
53 (38–67) |
54 (40–69) |
43 (29–58) |
33 (18–47) |
0.2–15.9 |
| Tiredness | 48 (36–59) |
38 (26–49) |
34 (22–45) |
46 (35–58) |
36 (25–48) |
33 (22–45) |
−4.3–6.2 |
| Energy | 38 (30–46) |
48 (40–56) |
60 (52–68) |
37 (29–45) |
50 (42–58) |
56 (48–64) |
−4.5–6.0 |
1. Values are estimated marginal mean (95% CIs), n = 11. 2. A total of 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean absolute difference between the experimental conditions; values in bold are significant. BC was the consumption of a standardised breakfast with an energy content equivalent to 25% of individual resting metabolic rate before 09:00 for seven consecutive days; BC was the abstinence from all energy-providing nutrients until at least 10:30 for seven consecutive days.