Table 3.
Thermal properties of natural fiber composites obtained from TGA analysis.
| Fiber | Matrix | Thermal Properties | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thermoset matrices | |||
| Bamboo | Epoxy, Polyester and Vinyl ester | The incorporation of bamboo fiber did not present a substantial improvement in the initial onset degradation temperature (Tonset) of the composites. | [85] |
| Fique | Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDP) and Epoxy resin (EP) | The incorporation of the fique fiber in LLDP matrix decreased the Tonset and Tmax when compared to pure LLDP composite. For the EP, the fiber incorporation increased in Tonset and Tmax compared to the pure epoxy case. | [145] |
| Buriti and ramie | Polyester | The maximum peak of degradation temperature (Td) for the ramie fiber reinforced composite was 372 °C, while for the buriti composite it was 346 °C. | [84] |
| Sisal, sisal + curauá and sisal + ramie |
Epoxy | The hybridization increased the thermal stability of the composites when compared to the pure sisal composites. | [107] |
| Banana, jute Banana + jute |
Epoxy | The thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of jute/banana hybrid composite decreased with increasing the fiber content. | [137] |
| Sugar Palm | Phenolic | The chemical treatment negatively affected the thermal stability of the composite. | [53] |
| Sisal and kenaf | Polyester | The thermal stability of hybrid composites was superior when compared to the neat fiber case | [150] |
| Sugar palm fiber (SPF) and roselle fiber (RF) | Polyurethane | The sugar palm fiber (SP) improved thermal stability of hybrid composite. The roselle (25 wt%) + sugar palm (75 wt%) composite showed higher thermal stability when compared to RFT composite. | [104] |
| Jute, jute + sisal and jute + curauá | Epoxy and Polyester | Tonset was higher for the jute, jute + curauá epoxy composites compared to polyester composites. For jute + sisal there was no significant change in Tonset for both matrices. | [19] |
| Kenaf + pineapple |
Phenolic | The treatment increased the maximum degradation temperature (Td). | [52] |
| Curauá | Polyester | The addition of the fiber and chemical treatment of fibers with NaOH improved the thermal stability of the composites. | [86] |
| Mulberry | Polyester | The thermal stability of the composites increased by increasing the NaOH concentration. | [82] |
| Jute + Oil palm |
Epoxy | The hybridization of the composites increased the maximum degradation temperature when compared to the pure Oil palm composite. | [141] |
| Date palm fibers (DPF) | Epoxy | DPF improves the thermal stability of the composite. E′ and E″ increased (50% DPF presented higher improvement compared to 40% and 60% DPF content). | [157] |
| Thermoplastic matrices | |||
| Banana | ABS, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and HDPE | The addition of natural fiber to the thermoplastic matrix showed an increased thermal stability when compared to the pure resin. | [110] |
| Date palm | PVC and HDPE | The chemical treatment improved the Tonset and Tmax of the date palm reinforced composites when compared to the untreated composite and the pure matrix. | [70] |
| Basalt + Cissus quadrangularis | PLA | The addition of basalt fiber increased the thermal stability of the composite. | [158] |
| Jute | PLA | The configuration 2J5P-2 (2 layers of jute and 5 layers of PLA) of composite showed an increase in Tonset and Tmax when compared to the other cases. | [152] |
| Wood powder | Polypropylene (PP) | The incorporation of wood powder presented maximum temperature (482.3 °C) for 45 wt% when compared to pure PP composite (475.3 °C). | [159] |
| Flax + Basalt | PLA | The hybridization of the composite showed an increase in Tonset when compared to the flax + PLA composite. The increment of basalt fiber increased the thermal stability of the composite. | [151] |
| Banana | PLA | The presence of banana fibers in PLA matrix led to a reduction in degradation temperature as compared to neat PLA, which was attributed to the low thermal stability of banana fibers that possibly enhanced deformation of the crystalline structure of PLA at higher temperatures. | [57] |
| Jute + Maleic anhydride (MAPP) | Polypropylene (PP) | The incorporation of MAPP did not have significant influence on the thermal stability of the composites. | [160] |
| Kenaf + epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) | PLA | The incorporation of EJO (5 wt%) slightly increased the thermal stability (Tonset and Tend) of composites when compared to EJO (1 wt%). | [161] |
| Sisal | Polyurethane (PU) | The chemical treatment improved the thermal stability when compared with untreated composite. | [148] |
| Carpinus betulus L. | Polypropylene (PP) | The addition of fiber lowered the thermal stability when compared with pure PP matrix. | [149] |