Table 2.

Examples of nanocarriers in combination with photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Nanocarrier Type	Compound	Photosensitizer	Candida spp.	Effectiveness	Reference
Liposomes	CTAB-liposomes constituted with various ratios of dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine	Chlorine e6	C. albicans C. krusei C. tropicalis	Improved	Yang et al. [19]
Dendrymers	Amino acid-based dendrimers and tetra- and octapeptides attached to poly(L-lysine) (PLL) dendrimers	NA	C. albicans C. kefyr C. tropicalis	Improved	Mlynarczyk et al. [20]
	PEGylated dendrimers	Silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is	C. albicans	Increased	Baron et al. [21]
Gold and silver nanoparticles	Monodispersed biogenic colloidal gold nanoparticles	Rose Bengal	C. albicans	Improved	Maliszewska et al. [22]
Chitosan	Cationic chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles	Phthalocyanine	C. tropicalis	Improved	Hesieh et al. [23]
	Ethylcellulose/chitosan	5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (pTHPP)	C. albicans	Improved	Hasanin et al. [24]
	Carboxymethyl chitosan	1-[4-(2-aminoethyl) phenoxy] zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPcN)	C. albicans	Increased	Tang et al. [25]
Polymeric nanoparticles	Polymeric nanocapsules	Curcumin	C. albicans	Variable	Sakima et al. [26]
		Zinc phthalocyanine derivatives	C. albicans	Improved	Evangelista et al. [27]

CTAB = cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. NA = not applicable or not available.