HIV-1	Human immunodeficiency virus 1
RNA	ribonucleic acid
cART	combined antiretroviral therapies
CNS	central nervous system
HAND	HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
PLWH	people living with HIV
APP	amyloid beta precursor protein
IGF-2	insulin-like growth factor-2
MAP2	microtubule-associated protein 2
MEK-ERK	mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase
MDM	monocyte-derived macrophages
BBB	blood brain barrier
HCV	Hepatitis C Virus
AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
START	Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy
ANI	asymptomatic neurocognitive impairments
MND	mild neurocognitive disorders
HAD	HIV-associated dementia
LCM	Laser Capture Microdissection
gp120	viral surface glycoprotein 120
Tat	Trans-Activator of Transcription
Vpr	viral protein R
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
PAF	platelet activating factor
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-1	Interleukin-1
NO	nitric oxid
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate
NMDAR	N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor
CCR5/CXCR4	CC-chemokine receptor 5/CXC-chemokine receptor 4
PKC	protein kinase C
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein type 1
AMP	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphatec
GFAP	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
IL-8	nterleukin-8
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
Nef	Negative Regulatory Factor (Nef)
MVECs	Microvascular Endothelial Cells
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
LTR	long terminal repeat
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor κappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
SIV	simian immunodeficiency virus
TLR4	Toll Like Receptors 4
EC50	effective concentration
CPE	CNS penetration-effectiveness