Figure 1.

Evaluation of response to digested or not-digested coffee samples in HT-29 cells. The effect of treatment with not-digested or digested coffee extract at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/mL on cell viability was estimated by MTT assay after 24 h (A), 48 h (B), and 72 h (C) as compared to untreated control. The effect of treatment with vehicle (blank control) resulting from in vitro digestion on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (D), as compared to untreated cells. No significant differences were observed between blank control and untreated cells. ns: not statistically significant. Mean ± SD of three independent experiments were plotted on the graph. Differences were considered significant when p-value ≤ 0.05 and p-value ≤ 0.01 and highly significant when p-value ≤ 0.001. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001 versus untreated control (calculated as fold-change relative to untreated cells, arbitrarily set at 100%); ^### p ≤ 0.001 not-digested coffee versus digested coffee.