Table 1.
Information on environmental risk factors associated with thyroid function/cancer from the Fresh Kills Landfill.
| Exposure Pathway | Contaminants of Concern | Peak Concen-Tration (µg/m3) | Most Conservative CV (µg/m3) | Carcinogen? | EDC? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IARC a | ECHA | EPA | ES | ||||
| Air | Particulate matter: | 1 | Not listed | Not listed | Not listed | ||
| * PM10 | 2289 | 50 | |||||
| * TSP | 648 | 75 | |||||
| PM10-Cadmium | 0.00467 | 0.0005 | 1 | Carcinogenic/Suspected mutagenic | Not listed | EDC | |
| TSP-Cadmium | 0.0516 | 0.0005 | |||||
| Surface water | ≥1 surface water concentration exceeded the CV: | Mean highest concentration * | Drinking water CV (ppb) | ||||
| Cadmium | 13.3 | 7 | 1 | Carcinogenic/Suspected mutagenic | Not listed | EDC | |
| Lead | 100 | 15 | 2B | May be carcinogenic | Not listed | Not listed | |
| Vanadium | 126 | 30 | 2B | - | Not listed | Not listed | |
| Sediment | ≥1 soil concentration exceeded the CV: | Mean highest concentration * | Soil CV (ppb) | ||||
| Cadmium | 14.4 | 0.4 | 1 | Carcinogenic/Suspected mutagenic | Not listed | EDC | |
| Lead | 545 | 400 | 2B | May be carcinogenic | Not listed | Not listed | |
| Vanadium | 63.9 | 6 | 2B | - | Not listed | Not listed | |
| Food chain (fish, shellfish) | Exceeded health-based regulatory limits: | Highest range of concentrations measured | |||||
| Cadmium | Eastern oyster: 2.920–8160 ppb |
1 | Carcinogenic/Suspected mutagenic | Not listed | EDC | ||
| Lead | Horse mussel: 4409–6290 ppb |
2B | May be carcinogenic | Not listed | Not listed | ||
| Dioxins | Blue crab: 202.0–283.2 ppt |
≥1 ** | Not listed ^ | Not listed | TCD | ||
| PCBs | Blue crab: 4.40–13.90 ppm |
1 | Not listed ^ | EDC | TCD | ||
| DDT | American eel: 1700–6895 ppb |
2A | Suspected carcinogenic | Not listed | EDC | ||
* Mean value of the highest concentrations measured (including Main Creek, Richmond Creek, Fresh Kills, and Arthur Kill). ** Various agents containing compound listed. ^ No group classification provided. a IARC classification: Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans; Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans; Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans; Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. CV: Comparison values; DDT: 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; EDC: endocrine disrupting chemical; PCB: polychlorinated biphenyl; PM: particulate matter; ppb: parts per billion; ppm: parts per million; ppt: parts per trillion; TDC: thyroid disrupting chemical; TSP: Total suspended particles.