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. 2021 Dec 19;10(24):5970. doi: 10.3390/jcm10245970

Table 6.

Outcome measurements of the arm circumference in included studies for ESWT in BCRL.

Study Design No. of Patients
(ESWT/Control Group)
Measurement Intragroup Difference Intergroup Difference
Mahran et al., 2015 (Egypt) [38] RCT ESWT + CDT: 20 Total circumferential differences 20 cm AE
15 cm AE
10 cm AE
10 cm BE
15 cm BE
20 cm BE
Yes Yes
CDT: 20 Yes
Abdelhalim et al., 2018 (Egypt) [41] RCT ESWT + CDT: 30 Difference of healthy and affected arm 10 cm below axilla
10 cm AE
7 cm BE
7 cm above wrist
Yes Yes
CDT: 30 Yes
Lee et al., 2020 (South Korea) [42] RCT ESWT + CDT: 15 Affected arm 10 cm AE
Elbow
10 cm BE
Wrist
MCP
Yes
(only 10 cm BE)
No
CDT: 15 No
Cebicci et al., 2021 (Turkey) [43] RCT ESWT: 10 Difference of healthy and affected arm 15 cm AE
10 cm BE
Wrist
MCP
Yes No
CDT: 10 Yes
(only 10 cm BE and wrist)
Joos et al., 2020 (Belgium) [44] Prospectivepilot study ESWT + CDT: 10 Affected arm 10 cm AE
Elbow
10 cm BE
No N/A

Abbreviations: ESWT: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy; BCRL: Breast cancer-related lymphedema; No.: Number; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; CDT: Complex decongestive therapy; cm: centimeter; AE: Above elbow; BE: Below elbow; MCP: Netacarpophalangeal joint; N/A: Not available.