Table 1.

Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) mediated by the extract plants.

Type of BNPs	Plant Species: Scientific Name (Family)—Common Name	Salt Concentration	Report Extract: Salt Solution	Synthesis Temperature	Time (min)	Size (nm)	Shape	Ref.
Au–Ag BNPs	Solidago canadensis: (Asteraceae)—Canada goldenrod	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM HAuCl4·3H2O	1:5:5	70–80 °C with stirring	60	25.9	spherical	[51]
	Geum urbanum L.: (Rosaceae)—Wood avens	5 mM AgNO3 5 mM HAuCl4	1:1:1	65 °C with stirring	720, 1080 and 1440	50	spherical, triangular, hexagonal	[52]
	Asparagus racemosus: (Asparagaceae)—Shatavari	1 mM HAuCl4 1 mM AgNO3	1:5:5	irradiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 700 w	20	10–50	spherical	[53]
	Moringa oleifera Lam.: (Moringaceae)—Moringa	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM HAuCl4	1:2:3	25 °C	25	109	spherical	[54]
	Stigmaphyllon ovatum: (Malpighiaceae)—Amazonvine	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM HAuCl4	1:1:1	70–80 °C with stirring	60	15	spherical	[46]
	Artocarpus heterophyllus: (Moraceae)—Jack tree	3 mM AgNO3 3 mM HAuCl4	1:1:1	solar heating	-	15	spherical	[55]
	Commelina nudiflora L.: (Commelinaceae)—Carolina dayflower	1 mM HAuCl4 1 mM AgNO3	1:2:2	25 °C	120	20–80	spherical, rod, triangular	[56]
	Madhuca longifolia: (Sapotaceae)—Madkam	1 mM HAuCl4 1 mM AgNO3	1:10:10	Ultrasonic liquid processors (20 kHz)	40	34–66	spherical	[57]
	Gloriosa superba L.: (Colchicaceae)—Flame lily	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM HAuCl4·3H2O	1:10:10	25 °C	10	10	spherical	[15]
	Pulicaria undulata: (Asteraceae)	10 mM HAuCl4·3H2O 10 mM AgNO3	2:9:1	25 °C with stirring	120	5–12	spherical	[58]
	Piper pedicellatum: (Piperaceae)—Piper	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM HAuCl4	1:15:15	30 °C with stirring	120	3.0–45.0	spherical	[59]
Ag–Pt BNPs	Vernonia mespilifolia: (Asteraceae)—Bitter tea	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM K2PtCl4	1:5:5	85 °C with stirring	60	35.5 ± 0.8	spherical	[60]
	Crocus sativus L.: (Iridaceae)—Saffron crocus	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM K2PtCl4	1:2:2	100 °C with stirring	60	36	spherical	[49]
Ag–Pd BNPs	Terminalia chebula: (Combretaceae)—Chebulic myrobalan	0.01 M PdCl2 0.01 M AgNO3	-	25 °C	60	20–70	spherical	[47]
	Catharanthus roseus: (Apocynaceae)—Bright eyes	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM PdCl2	1:4:4	25 °C	60	15–30	cubic	[61]
	Cacumen platyclade: (Cupressaceae)—Chinese Arborvitae Leaf and Twig	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM PdCl2	1:4:4	25 °C	60	11.9 ± 0.8	spherical	[62]
			1:1:1			9.1 ± 0.7
			1:1:3			7.4 ± 0.4
	Lithodora hispidula: (Boraginaceae)	1 mM AgNO3 1 mM K2PdCl4	1:2:2	25 °C with stirring	20	15.03–21.60	spherical	[63]
Au–Pd BNPs	Euphorbia condylocarpa: (Euphorbiaceae)—Euphorbia	0.2 mM HAuCl4 1 mM PdCl2	1:1:1	50 °C with stirring	120	80	spherical	[64]
	Cacumen platyclade: (Cupressaceae)—Chinese Arborvitae Leaf and Twig	0.25 mM HAuCl4 0.25 mM PdCl2	1:2:2	25 °C with stirring	120	7.4	spherical	[65]
	Cacumen platyclade: (Cupressaceae)—Chinese Arborvitae Leaf and Twig	5 mM HAuCl4 5 mM Na2PdCl4	1:4:4	25 °C	30	47.8	flower-like core-shell	[66]
	Citrus limon L.: (Rutaceae)—Lemon	1 mM PdCl2 1 mM HAuCl4·3H2O	1:9:9	25 °C	5	2–10	spherical	[67]
Au–Pt BNPs	Asarum europaeum L.:(Aristolochiaceae)—Asarabacca	1 mM HAuCl4 1 mM K2PtCl6	1:1:1	80 °C	1440	5–6	spherical	[68]
	Phragmites australis: (Poaceae)—Common reed	1 mM HAuCl4 1 mM K2PtCl4	1:5:5	85 °C	60	35.1 ± 2.71	flower-like core-shell	[69]
Pt–Pd BNPs	Annona muricata L.: (Annonaceae)—Sirsak	H2PtCl6·6H2O PdCl2, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25	1:1:3 1:1:1 1:3:1	100 °C with stirring	120	3.97–7.06	spherical	[70]
	Dioscorea bulbifera L.: (Dioscoreaceae)—Air potato	1 mM H2PtCl6·6H2O 1 mM PdCl2	1:1:1	100 °C	300	20–25	irregular shape	[71]
Cu–Ag BNPs	Kigelia Africana: (Bignoniaceae)—Sausage tree	1 mM CuCl2·H2O, 1 mM AgNO3	1:1:2	120 °C	60–360	10	spherical	[72]
	Rheum emodi: (Polygonaceae)—Rhubarb	10 mM AgNO3 10 mM Cu(CH3COO)2	5:2:15	90 °C with stirring	180	40–50	spherical	[73]
ZnO–Ag BNPs	Mirabilis jalapa: (Nyctaginaceae)—Marvel of Peru	Zn(O2CCH3)2 (H2O)2 AgNO3 0.5:0.5, 0.1:0.1, 0.5:0.1, 0.1:0.5 and 1:1 mM	1:1:1	60 ± 5 °C	120	19.3–67.4	spherical	[74]
Ag–Ni BNPs	Senna occidentalis: (Fabaceae)—Coffee senna	AgNO3 Ni(NO3)2·6H2O 1 mM:1 mM 1 mM:2 mM 2 mM:2 mM	1:5:5 1:5:10 1:10:10	700 °C with stirring	10	10.25 ± 4.19	pseudo-cubic	[75]