Table 2.
The biological activity of BNPs and metallic NPs synthesised from natural extracts depending on the NPs size (BNPs—bimetallic nanoparticles, NPs—nanoparticles, IC—half-maximal inhibitory concentration, GAE—gallic acid equivalents, FRAP—ferric-reducing antioxidant power).
| Plant Extract | NPs | Size | Experimental Findings | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terminalia chebula | Ag–Pd BNPs | 20 nm | 48.45 ± 0.04 μg/mL (IC50–A549) | [47] |
| Ag NPs | 20–40 nm | 18.09 ± 0.012 μg/mL (IC50–A549) | ||
| Pd NPs | 20–40 nm | 15.09 ± 0.012 μg/mL (IC50–A549) | ||
| Stigmaphyllon ovatum | Au–Ag BNPs | 14.9 nm | 5.75 × 10−16 µM (IC50–HeLa) | [46] |
| Au NPs | 78 nm | 0.0027 µM (IC50–HeLa) | ||
| Ag NPs | 23.5 nm | 9.1 × 10−9 µM (IC50–HeLa) | ||
| Gloriosa superba | Au–Ag BNPs | 10 nm | 5.33 ± 0.33 mm (zone of inhibition—E. coli) | [15] |
| Au NPs | 20 nm | 8.33 ± 0.33 mm (zone of inhibition—E. coli) | ||
| Ag NPs | 20 nm | 7.66 ± 0.33 mm (zone of inhibition—E. coli) | ||
| Vernonia mespilifolia | Ag–Pt BNPs | 35.5 ± 0.8 nm | 44.1 mg GAE/g (FRAP) | [60] |
| Ag NPs | 33.4 ± 1.0 nm | 18.5 mg GAE/g (FRAP) | ||
| Pt NPs | 32 nm | 16.5 mg GAE/g (FRAP) | ||
| Asarum europaeum | Au–Pt BNPs | 5–6 nm | excellent catalytic activity | [68] |
| Au NPs | 10 nm | - | ||
| Pt NPs | 15 nm | - | ||
| Dioscorea bulbifera | Pt–Pd BNPs | 25 nm | 74.25% anticancer activity (HeLa) | [71] |
| Pt NPs | 2.5 nm | 12.6% anticancer activity (HeLa) | ||
| Pd NPs | 10 nm | 33.15% anticancer activity (HeLa) | ||
| Pulicaria undulata | Au–Ag BNPs | 5–12 nm | excellent catalytic activity | [58] |
| Au NPs | 10–20 nm | - | ||
| Ag NPs | 10–20 nm | - | ||
| Crocus sativus | Ag–Pt BNPs | 36 nm | 100.1 ± 0.32 μg/mL (zone of inhibition—E. coli) | [49] |
| Ag NPs | 32 nm | 150.6 ± 0.41 μg/mL (zone of inhibition—E. coli) | ||
| Pt NPs | 30 nm | 154.2 ± 0.34 μg/mL (zone of inhibition—E. coli) |