Table 5.

List of the most frequently used antibiotic catheter lock solutions.

Antibiotic	Spectrum of Bacteria	Concentration * (mg/mL)	Heparin Content (IU/mL)	Stability (Hours)	References
Vancomycin	gram-positive	2.0–5.0	2500 or 5000	72	[161,162]
Teicoplanin	gram-positive	5.0–10.0	0 or 100	96	[163,164]
Daptomycin	gram-positive	5.0	0 or 5000	72	[165]
Gentamicin	gram-positive, gram-negative	1.0–5.0	0, 2500 or 5000	72	[166,167]
Amikacin	gram-positive, gram-negative	1.0–40.0 †	0 or 5000	72	[168]
Ceftazidime	gram-negative	0.5–10.0	0 or 5000	48	[167,169,170]
Cefazolin	Methicillin-sensitive staphylococci	5.0–10.0	2500 or 5000	72	[168]
Ciprofloxacin	gram-negative	0.2–5.0	0 or 5000	48	[171,172]
Ampicillin	Ampicillin-sensitive enterococci	10.0	10 or 5000	8 ‡	[161]
Ethanol	gram-positive, gram-negative	70%	0	24	[173]

* Concentration should exceed 100–1000× minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). † Most commonly used 2.0 mg/mL, ‡ according to SPC [174]. For more detailed information on ACL see Justo et al. [168].