Table 2.
Effect of empagliflozin on serum and urine parameters of calcium–phosphate and bone metabolism in all subjects and in subgroups of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.
| Parameter | Subjects | Before Empagliflozin | After Empagliflozin | p-Value after vs. before Empagliflozin Administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum total calcium (mmol/L) | All (n = 42) | 2.1 [2.0, 2.3] | 2.13 [2.1, 2.34] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 2.1 ± 0.08 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.1 [2.0, 2.2] | NS | |
| Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | All (n = 42) | 1.2 [1.1, 1.5] | 1.2 [1.1, 1.34] | 0.02 |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 1.24 [1.1, 1.5] | 1.25 [1.0, 1.39] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.02 | |
| PTH (pg/mL) | All (n = 42) | 34.7 [18.7, 57.8] | 34.7 [18.7, 57.8] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 21.3 [14.5, 57.8] * | 21.3 [14.55, 52.9] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 54.8 ± 27.1 | 62.9 ± 43.2 | 0.0016 | |
| 1.25(OH)2D (pg/mL) | All (n = 42) | 27.2 [18.7, 36.7] | 24.8 [20.1, 39.4] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 26.4 ± 11.7 | 26.8 ± 13.3 | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 29.4 ± 22.4 | 13.8 ± 17.7 | NS | |
| FGF-23 (pg/mL) | All (n = 42) | 98.4 [75.6, 130.3] | 98 [75.6, 130.3] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 106.2 ± 6.4 | 98.7 [76.7, 128.7] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 98.3 [76.4, 128.3] | 98.3 [76.4, 128.3] | 0.03 | |
| BAP (µg/L) | All (n = 4 2) | 19.5 [12.9, 24.7] | 20.3 [14.3, 25.8] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 13.6 [10.4, 23.8] | 15.8 [11.8, 22.0] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 22.2 ± 1.7 | 22.5 ± 1.4 | NS | |
| Urine-Ca/Cr, (mmol/g) | All (n = 42) | 0.6 [0.2, 0.9] | 0.42 [0.26, 0.93] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 0.6 [0.3, 0.9] | 0.5 [0.33, 1.4] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 0.5 [0.3, 1.1] | 0.28 [0.22, 0.8] | NS | |
| Urine-PO4/Cr, (mmol/g) | All (n = 42) | 1.94 [1.5, 2.3] | 1.8 [1.4, 2.2] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 1.9 ± 0.09 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 2.0 ± 0.02 | 1.7 [1.5, 2.1] | NS | |
| TRP, % | All (n = 42) | 67.6 ± 2.9 | 64.5 ± 4.9 | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 68.9 ±11.6 | 66.5 ± 42.1 | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 65.8 ± 17.3 | 61.8 ± 2.0 | NS | |
| TmP/GFR, mmol/L | All (n = 42) | 0.75 [0.6, 0.9] | 0.86 [0.68, 1.0] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.92 [0.66, 1.0] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 0.74 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.28 | NS | |
| Fractional excretion of phosphate, % | All (n = 42) | 31.5 [21.2, 41.9] | 29.2 [19.9, 42.8] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 31.1 ± 11.6 | 33.4 ± 42.2 | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 34.1 ± 1.7 | 26.6 [20.4, 41.7] | NS | |
| Fractional excretion of calcium, % | All (n = 42) | 0.5 [0.2, 1.0] | 0.4 [0.2, 1.0] | NS |
| ND-CKD (n = 24) | 0.6 [0.2, 1.2] | 0.7 [0.2, 1.3] | NS | |
| DKD (n = 18) | 0.4 [0.2, 0.8] | 0.4 [0.2, 0.7] | NS |
Mean ± SD or median [IQR]. Abbreviations: PTH—Parathormone, FGF-23—fibroblast growth factor 23, BAP—bone alkaline phosphatase, Ca – calcium, Cr—creatinine, PO4—phosphate, TRP—tubular fractional reabsorption of phosphate, TmP/GFR—tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate per glomerular filtration rate. * p < 0.05 ND-CKD vs. DKD.