Table 1.

CTI induced alterations in neutrophils and their functional consequences.

Trauma Induced Changes in Neutrophils	Functional Consequences
Expression of CD88	Generation of superoxide anions and release of granule enzymes-helps in adhesion to endothelial cells.
Engulfment of IL-8 chemokine receptor (CXCR)1 and CXCR2, FcγRIII (CD16), and complement receptor C5aR1	Impairment of targeted chemotaxis causing inflammatory disorder
Active shedding of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)	Amplify inflammatory effects
Uncontrolled release of IL-8	Mobilizes immature, less deformable neutrophils
De-granulate and release free radicals, elastase, collagenase, and arachidonic acid	Trigger inflammatory response, aggravate ischemia and shut down local circulatory system
Increase anti-apoptotic genes	Increase circulation half-life of neutrophils
Increase in NETosis	Aggravate tissue damage
Increase in Low-density neutrophils (LDNs)	Suppress adaptive immune responses