Table 3.

Studies investigating the effect of diet and/or exercise on the prevention, onset and progression of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia).

Authors	Type of Article	Examined	Results
Banitalebi et al., 2021 [97]	Article	Resistance exercise	Resistance exercise causes slight and insignificant improvement in osteoporosis markers.
Atlihan et al., 2020 [98]	Systematic review	Exercise	Increasing muscle mass and strength, but not in physical activity and bone transformation.
Fatima et al., 2019 [35]	Review	Exercise and diet (vitamin D)	Aerobic exercise does not affect muscle mass, unlike RT. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
Huo et al., 2015 [98]	Cross-sectional study	Nutrition	Low intake of vitamins and amino acids are associated with the development of osteoporosis/sarcopenia in older people.

RT: Resistance Training.