Table 3.
Association between SSB consumption with executive dysfunction (n = 6387).
| Executive Dysfunction | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | |
| Elevated BRI | |||
| 0 time/week | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 1 time/week | 1.25 (1.05, 1.48) c | 1.27 (1.05, 1.54) c | 1.23 (1.02, 1.50) c |
| ≥2 times/week | 1.54 (1.31, 1.81) c | 1.55 (1.29, 1.86) c | 1.45 (1.19, 1.76) c |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
| Elevated MI | |||
| 0 time/week | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 1 time/week | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) c | 1.22 (1.01, 1.48) c | 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) c |
| ≥2 times/week | 1.74 (1.49, 2.04) c | 1.72 (1.44, 2.05) c | 1.70 (1.41, 2.05) c |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Elevated GEC | |||
| 0 time/week | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| 1 time/week | 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) | 1.14 (0.94, 1.39) |
| ≥2 times/week | 1.68 (1.42, 1.98) c | 1.67 (1.40, 2.00) c | 1.62 (1.34, 1.96) c |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BRI, behavioral regulation index; GEC: global executive composite; MI, metacognition; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages. a Adjusted for sex, age, siblings, monthly household income, parental education, parental smoking status, outdoor exercise and body mass index. b Additionally adjusted for fried food, fish or fish products, and milk, or dairy-products. c Statistically significant association (p value < 0.05).