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NA inhibits PDCoV infection at ST and LLC-PK1 cell. ST/LLC-PK1 cells were pretreated with NA for 2 h and infected with PDCoV, TGEV, and VSV. Samples were collected at 24 hpi and assayed by RT-qPCR (A,C), TCID50 (B,D), or cells were fixed and tested by immunofluorescence assay (E) at 8 hpi. Experiments were performed at least three times. Differences were considered significant at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; ns: differences were not significant; one-way ANOVA.
