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Detection of PDCoV adhesion to ST and LLC-PK1 cells by AFM.ST/LLC-PK1 cells were pretreated with NA for 2 h and incubated with PDCoV at 4 °C to promote virus attachment. AFM deflection images (B,D) and 3D AFM images (A,C) of PDCoV adsorbed on the cell surface. Those figures show high-resolution images recorded in the square regions. PDCoV adsorbed on the cell surface is indicated by a red arrow.
