Table 8.

Polymer electrolytes based on biopolymers for electrochemical applications.

Polymer	Nanocomposite	Ionic Salt	Conductivity (S·cm−1) 10−3	Activation Energy (eV)	Electrochemical Stability Window (V)	State	Reference
Cellulose (NFC)	No added	-	0.1	-	-	Hydrogel	[156]
Cellulose acetate	SiO2	NH4BF4	7.9 × 10−3	-	-	Gel	[157]
	TiO2	NH4BF4	1.4 × 10−2	0.12	-	Gel	[158]
Hexanoyl Chitosan	TiO2	LiClO4	3.06 × 10−4	-	-	Solid	[159,160]
	TiO2	LiClO4	3.1 × 10−4	0.08	-	Solid	[161]
	SiO2	LiClO4	1.96 × 10−4	0.12	-	Solid	[161]
	Al2O3	NH4SCN	5.86 × 10−4	-	-	Solid	[162]
Chitosan	SiO2	Li(Tf)2	4.38 × 10−5	0.26	-	Solid	[163]
	ZrO2	LiClO4	3.6 × 10−4	-	-	Solid	[164]
Potato Starch	No added	Mg(C2H3O2)2	1.12 × 10−5	-	-	Solid	[165]
Rice Starch	TiO2	LiI	3.6 × 10−4	0.22	-	Solid	[166]
Corn Starch	SiO2	LiClO4	1.23 × 10−4	0.25	3.0	Solid	[167,168]
Corn Starch/Chitosan	No added	NH4Cl	5.11 × 10−4	-	-	Solid	[169]
Sago (starch)	No added	KOH	4.45 × 10−1	-	-	Gel	[170]
κ-carrageenan	No added	-	3.32 × 10−2	-	-	Solid	[171]
	No added	MgCl2	4.76 × 10−3	-	1.94	Solid	[172]
Agar	No added	NH4SCN	1.03 × 10−3	0.25	-	Solid	[173]
	No added	Mg(Tf)2	1.0 × 10−3	-	-	Solid	[174]
	TiO2	LiI	5.12 × 10−4	-	-	Solid	[175]