Table 2.
Levels of selected circulating proteins and standard of care parameter (SoC) levels, interquartile ranges and significances (p-values) of the COVID-19 group with regard to the clinical endpoints hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, indication for mechanical ventilation (MV), thromboembolic event (TE), and death. Only analytes with significant discrimination either between non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients, or within hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients are shown. Only p-values < 0.001 are depicted in bold.
| Median and Interquartile Ranges for Non-Outcomes | Median and Interquartile Ranges for Outcomes | p-Values Non-Outcome vs. Outcome | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU | MV | TE | Death | ICU | MV | TE | Death | ICU | MV | TE | Death | |
| 29 (54.72%) | 37 (69.81%) | 47 (88.68%) | 46 (86.79%) | 24 (45.28%) | 16 (30.19%) | 6 (11.32%) | 7 (13.21%) | |||||
| SoC analytes | ||||||||||||
| CRP | 36.5 (14.6–62.6) | 35.3 (15.8–66.1) | 44.4 (16.5–89.7) | 45.3 (16.4–106) | 110 (25.8–155) | 140 (59.8–216) | 187 (39.4–265) | 53.7 (22.8–129) | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.175 | 0.637 |
| PCT | 0.10 (0.08–0.24) | 0.10 (0.08–0.24) | 0.10 (0.08–0.25) | 0.11 (0.08–0.26) | 0.17 (0.10–0.30) | 0.20 (0.10–0.62) | 0.47 (0.20–0.78) | 0.11 (0.10–0.25) | 0.241 | 0.160 | 0.082 | 0.897 |
| WBC | 6.35 (5.33–8.51) | 6.62 (5.27–8.63) | 6.35 (5.26–8.62) | 7.12 (5.29–10.3) | 7.49 (5.13–10.9) | 7.64 (5.33–12.0) | 9.35 (9.12–10.5) | 5.65 (5.05–7.35) | 0.372 | 0.416 | 0.106 | 0.325 |
| LDH | 300 (266–399) | 295 (263–438) | 322 (271–504) | 340 (269–563) | 509 (439–684) | 509 (453–718) | 461 (447–589) | 432 (300–460) | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.196 | 0.978 |
| PEA analytes | ||||||||||||
| ADM | 8.37 (7.40–8.78) | 8.30 (7.38–8.66) | 8.37 (7.49–8.80) | 8.28 (7.44–8.65) | 8.41 (7.54–8.82) | 8.64 (8.16–8.90) | 8.50 (7.77–8.75) | 8.98 (8.76–9.12) | 0.1207000 | 0.0472670 | 0.5869700 | 0.0000932 |
| CCL23 | 10.5 (9.92–10.9) | 10.5 (9.92–11.1) | 10.8 (10.2–11.2) | 10.6 (10.1–11.1) | 11.1 (10.6–11.6) | 11.2 (10.7–11.6) | 10.7 (9.81–11.1) | 11.3 (10.8–11.6) | 0.0006146 | 0.0018489 | 0.8367700 | 0.0551560 |
| CTSL1 | 8.72 (8.52–9.03) | 8.75 (8.52–9.03) | 8.75 (8.53–9.04) | 8.80 (8.52–9.10) | 8.86 (8.68–9.18) | 8.86 (8.70–9.26) | 9.17 (8.88–9.18) | 8.78 (8.67–8.99) | 0.0085455 | 0.0472670 | 0.0173740 | 0.3078300 |
| CXCL10 | 12.6 (12.0–13.3) | 12.7 (12.0–13.3) | 12.9 (12.0–13.3) | 12.7 (11.2–13.3) | 13.1 (11.9–13.5) | 13.1 (12.4–13.6) | 13.6 (10.7–13.8) | 13.7 (13.2–13.8) | 0.0669700 | 0.1257600 | 0.0160730 | 0.0024786 |
| CXCL11 | 11.8 (10.9–12.4) | 11.9 (10.8–12.5) | 12.2 (10.9–12.5) | 12.0 (10.7–12.5) | 12.5 (11.3–12.7) | 12.4 (12.1–12.6) | 12.6 (11.2–12.6) | 12.6 (12.6–12.6) | 0.1027300 | 0.1931000 | 0.3580900 | 0.0109360 |
| CXCL5 | 11.6 (11.2–12.2) | 11.5 (11.1–12.0) | 11.5 (11.1–12.0) | 11.4 (11.1–12.0) | 11.3 (10.8–12.0) | 11.3 (11.1–12.2) | 11.2 (11.1–12.0) | 11.7 (10.6–12.3) | 0.6541900 | 0.2407300 | 0.1392900 | 0.0403690 |
| DCN | 4.35 (3.84–4.77) | 4.22 (3.83–4.71) | 4.35 (3.84–4.82) | 4.30 (3.84–4.70) | 4.41 (4.01–4.75) | 4.64 (4.37–5.10) | 4.60 (4.42–4.72) | 5.31 (4.56–5.62) | 0.0475360 | 0.0009899 | 0.0154320 | 0.0074615 |
| Gal9 | 5.90 (5.10–6.77) | 5.90 (5.08–6.77) | 5.93 (5.14–6.72) | 5.78 (5.08–6.72) | 5.99 (5.21–6.82) | 6.05 (5.59–6.82) | 6.27 (4.59–7.00) | 6.60 (6.05–6.86) | 0.7322500 | 0.5908400 | 0.1927500 | 0.0442300 |
| HGF | 7.54 (7.25–8.20) | 7.54 (7.31–8.20) | 7.64 (7.32–8.23) | 7.56 (7.32–8.36) | 8.00 (7.44–8.59) | 8.16 (7.59–8.59) | 8.25 (7.71–8.41) | 8.16 (7.83–8.27) | 0.0354240 | 0.0452030 | 0.3725600 | 0.1236400 |
| IFNgamma | 4.59 (2.60–6.00) | 4.63 (2.79–6.04) | 4.80 (3.19–6.03) | 4.67 (3.15–6.03) | 4.95 (3.64–5.63) | 4.89 (3.20–5.21) | 3.50 (2.40–4.86) | 4.53 (3.09–5.31) | 0.1746500 | 0.6409200 | 0.8324600 | 0.8324600 |
| IL18 | 8.42 (8.09–8.71) | 8.36 (8.05–8.67) | 8.44 (8.14–8.86) | 8.43 (8.09–8.90) | 8.51 (8.16–9.41) | 8.64 (8.27–9.56) | 8.42 (7.60–9.17) | 8.66 (8.26–9.03) | 0.3469200 | 0.0557820 | 0.3616600 | 0.3725600 |
| IL18R1 | 8.05 (7.60–8.42) | 8.05 (7.59–8.53) | 8.09 (7.61–8.49) | 7.98 (7.61–8.47) | 8.35 (7.70–8.62) | 8.23 (7.84–8.55) | 8.12 (7.65–8.59) | 8.55 (8.30–8.64) | 0.4282800 | 0.2964400 | 0.8367700 | 0.1236400 |
| IL27 | 3.70 (3.27–4.15) | 3.62 (3.07–3.98) | 3.68 (3.09–4.11) | 3.62 (3.04–3.96) | 3.67 (3.06–4.04) | 3.90 (3.45–4.35) | 3.68 (3.43–4.13) | 4.42 (4.05–4.49) | 0.3287600 | 0.0472670 | 0.4544500 | 0.0074615 |
| IL6 | 4.84 (4.33–5.55) | 4.86 (4.33–6.01) | 5.27 (4.66–6.61) | 5.05 (4.40–6.26) | 6.43 (5.37–6.96) | 6.74 (5.60–7.31) | 5.84 (4.36–6.54) | 6.62 (5.55–6.80) | 0.0000044 | 0.0000002 | 0.3580900 | 0.0319650 |
| KIM1 | 8.51 (8.13–9.53) | 8.38 (7.75–9.07) | 8.41 (7.71–9.08) | 8.37 (7.69–9.09) | 8.06 (7.62–8.85) | 8.68 (7.78–9.32) | 8.72 (7.96–9.39) | 9.01 (8.68–9.35) | 0.1353200 | 0.1374300 | 0.8455500 | 0.0442300 |
| LIFR | 4.66 (4.42–4.94) | 4.73 (4.49–4.92) | 4.80 (4.50–4.93) | 4.76 (4.50–4.92) | 4.84 (4.66–4.93) | 4.84 (4.67–5.10) | 4.93 (4.66–4.99) | 5.07 (4.86–5.38) | 0.0197430 | 0.0853480 | 0.3725600 | 0.0551560 |
| LPL | 7.72 (6.81–8.44) | 7.72 (7.06–8.29) | 7.66 (7.09–8.35) | 7.62 (7.07–8.10) | 7.65 (7.41–8.14) | 7.65 (7.51–8.67) | 7.78 (7.54–8.37) | 8.73 (8.10–9.06) | 0.4779700 | 0.1412000 | 0.5225300 | 0.0001652 |
| MCP1 | 12.4 (11.8–12.8) | 12.3 (11.8–12.8) | 12.5 (11.8–13.0) | 12.5 (11.7–13.0) | 13.0 (12.1–13.5) | 13.3 (12.6–13.7) | 13.4 (12.0–13.8) | 13.5 (13.0–13.7) | 0.0000581 | 0.0000419 | 0.0545020 | 0.0024786 |
| MCP2 | 10.5 (9.34–11.2) | 10.8 (9.24–11.7) | 10.8 (9.48–11.5) | 10.8 (9.26–11.5) | 11.1 (9.60–12.0) | 11.0 (9.95–12.0) | 12.0 (9.91–12.0) | 12.2 (11.3–12.4) | 0.0934230 | 0.4824300 | 0.0545020 | 0.0024786 |
| MCP3 | 5.42 (4.70–6.70) | 5.59 (4.72–6.74) | 6.11 (4.76–7.09) | 6.11 (4.76–7.16) | 6.93 (5.98–7.87) | 7.43 (6.39–8.22) | 7.66 (5.99–8.11) | 7.29 (5.63–8.11) | 0.0001310 | 0.0000231 | 0.0024786 | 0.0571620 |
| MERTK | 6.96 (6.79–7.39) | 6.96 (6.79–7.40) | 7.02 (6.82–7.37) | 6.97 (6.80–7.37) | 7.10 (6.89–7.43) | 7.16 (6.95–7.43) | 7.32 (6.72–7.79) | 7.25 (7.04–7.52) | 0.1706600 | 0.1503800 | 0.0580550 | 0.2731700 |
| MMP1 | 13.6 (12.8–14.1) | 13.5 (12.5–14.0) | 13.5 (12.6–14.2) | 13.4 (12.5–14.0) | 13.5 (12.5–14.3) | 14.1 (12.6–14.5) | 14.0 (12.9–14.3) | 14.3 (14.1–14.5) | 0.1102800 | 0.0158300 | 0.5116700 | 0.0551560 |
| MMP12 | 6.34 (5.38–7.30) | 5.98 (5.27–7.14) | 6.10 (5.28–7.30) | 5.84 (5.23–6.98) | 5.87 (5.22–7.21) | 6.36 (5.24–7.54) | 5.75 (5.34–6.70) | 7.32 (6.92–7.99) | 0.2720700 | 0.2977100 | 0.8455500 | 0.1061200 |
| OPG | 9.54 (8.97–10.1) | 9.50 (8.97–9.92) | 9.52 (8.97–10.1) | 9.55 (8.97–9.93) | 9.59 (9.02–10.1) | 9.82 (9.40–10.2) | 9.72 (9.59–10.0) | 10.1 (9.69–10.2) | 0.0499440 | 0.0242520 | 0.0109360 | 0.0551560 |
| PDL1 | 5.04 (4.81–5.46) | 5.19 (4.81–5.61) | 5.34 (4.90–5.73) | 5.29 (4.82–5.72) | 5.49 (5.17–5.82) | 5.49 (5.29–5.80) | 5.25 (4.59–5.68) | 5.49 (5.33–5.77) | 0.0006113 | 0.0528220 | 0.8324600 | 0.1714200 |
| TNF | 2.49 (2.02–2.87) | 2.33 (1.89–2.79) | 2.32 (1.92–2.77) | 2.18 (1.83–2.65) | 2.05 (1.85–2.41) | 2.23 (1.92–2.63) | 2.31 (1.76–2.46) | 2.72 (2.63–3.10) | 0.0669310 | 0.4650900 | 0.9491500 | 0.1859300 |
| TNFRSF10A | 2.74 (2.40–3.25) | 2.65 (2.40–3.27) | 2.87 (2.44–3.43) | 2.73 (2.41–3.41) | 3.16 (2.50–3.61) | 3.30 (2.68–3.72) | 3.02 (2.46–3.53) | 3.25 (2.91–3.68) | 0.0168280 | 0.0074506 | 0.5225300 | 0.1002400 |
| TRAILR2 | 6.40 (5.83–7.09) | 6.40 (5.77–7.08) | 6.75 (5.91–7.22) | 6.52 (5.85–7.09) | 7.01 (6.46–7.35) | 7.16 (6.71–7.63) | 7.06 (6.41–7.16) | 7.18 (7.07–7.85) | 0.0004393 | 0.0000823 | 0.5869700 | 0.0125550 |