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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Surface tension equilibrium diagram, where σsg (Nm−1) is the surface tension between solid and gas, σls (Nm−1) is the surface tension between liquid and solid, σlg (Nm−1) is the surface tension between liquid and gas.