Table 1.
Latency and lytic reactivation of human herpesviruses.
| Sub-Family | Site of Latency | Viral Gene Expressed in Latency | Trigger of Reactivation | Viral Lytic Swithch Gene | Transcriptional Activator of Reactivation | Transcriptional Repressor of Reactivation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSV-1 | a | neuron cells in trigeminal ganglia | LATs | stressors, immune suppression | ICP0, ICP4 | HCF1, SP1, GR, KLF15, ROS | NGF |
| VZV | neuron cells in dorsal root ganglia | ORF63, VLT | stressors, immune suppression | IE62 | HCF1, SP1, YY1, PI3K/AKT, JNK | ||
| HCMV | b | myeloid lineages, hematopoietic progenitor cells, monocytes | UL138, UL81-82ast(LUNA), US28, UL144, UL111A(vIL10) | stressors, immune suppression, differentiation, growth factor | IE86(UL122), IE72(UL123) | PU.1, SP1, C/EBP, ATF/CREB, AP-1, NFkB, PPARg, RAR/RXR | CUX1/CDP, GFI-1, YY1, CTCF |
| EBV | g | B cells, epithelial cells | EBNAs, LMPs, EBERs | stressors, immune suppression, differentiation, groth factor, hypoxia | BZLF1(Zta), BRLF1(Rta) | SP1, KLF4, MEF2, C/EBP, ATF/CREB, AP-1, XBP1s, SMAD, HIF, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, TORC2, YAP/TAZ, TET2, ATM, BLIMP1, TAF-I/NAP1, NFATc1, CASP1 | ZEB, NFkB, MYC, YY1, JDP2, NO, E2-2, JAK/STAT, SMUBP, OCT2, PAX5, BCL6, ARKL1, PARP1, CAF1/HIRA, KAP1 |
| KSHV | B cells, endothelial cells | LANA, vCYC, vFLIP, Kaposins | stressors, immune suppression, differentiation, groth factor, hypoxia | K-Rta (ORF50) | C/EBP, AP-1, EGR1, XBP1, NFAT, HIF, ROS | NFkB, MYC, KAP1, PI3K/AKT, IFNs, IRFs, HES1, FOXO1 |