Table 1.

Search strategy.

	Keywords
Group 1 (Population)	“Arthralgia”(MeSH) OR “Bursitis”(MeSH) OR “Cervical vertebrae”(MeSH) OR “Chronic pain”(MeSH) OR “Hernia”(MeSH) OR “Intervertebral Disc Displacement”(MeSH) OR “Musculoskeletal System”(MeSH) OR “Myalgia”(MeSH) OR “Myofascial Pain Syndromes”(MeSH) OR “Neck”(MeSH) OR “Neck Pain”(MeSH) OR “Osteoarthritis”(MeSH) OR “Pain, intractable”(MeSH) OR “Rotator cuff”(MeSH) OR “Shoulder Impingement Syndrome”(MeSH) OR “Shoulder Pain”(MeSH) OR “Shoulder”(MeSH) OR “Tendinopathy”(MeSH) OR “Whiplash Injuries”(MeSH) OR (Chronic pain OR Intractable pain OR Joint Pain OR Muscle Pain OR Musculoskeletal pain OR Myalgia OR Myofascial pain OR Osteoarthritis OR Persistent pain OR Severe pain OR Tendinopathy) AND (Neck OR Shoulder OR Cervical OR Adhesive capsulitis OR Frozen shoulder OR Impingement OR Rotator cuff OR Spinal disc herniation OR Spinal pain OR Whiplash)
Group 2 (Intervention)	“Exercise”(MeSH) OR “Exercise Therapy”(MeSH) OR “Cervical Vertebrae”(MeSH) OR “Functional Laterality”(MeSH) OR “Isometric Contraction”(MeSH) OR “Isotonic Contraction”(MeSH) OR “Muscle Strength”(MeSH) OR “Muscle Stretching Exercises”(MeSH) OR “Neck”(MeSH) OR “Plyometric Exercise”(MeSH) OR “Proprioception”(MeSH) OR “Resistance Training”(MeSH) OR “Shoulder”(MeSH) OR “Visual Motor Coordination”(MeSH) OR “Weight Lifting”(MeSH) OR “Weight-Bearing Exercise Program”(MeSH) OR Exercise AND (Shoulder OR Cervical OR Neck OR Abduction OR Adduction OR Balls OR Bands OR Concentric OR Coordination OR Dynamic OR Eccentric OR Extension OR External Rotation OR Flexibility OR Flexion OR Free weights OR Internal rotation OR Isometric OR Isotonic OR Kettlebell OR Motor control OR Plyometric OR Proprioception OR Red cord OR Resistance training OR Resisted OR Static OR Strength OR Strength training equipment OR Stretching OR Thera-band OR Weight-bearing exercise program OR Weights)
Group 3 (Comparison)	“Exercise”(MeSH) OR “Exercise Movement Techniques”(MeSH) OR “Exercise Therapy”(MeSH) OR “Bicycling”(MeSH) OR “Dancing”(MeSH) OR “Hydrotherapy”(MeSH) OR “Jogging”(MeSH) OR “Muscle Stretching Exercises”(MeSH) OR “Physical Fitness”(MeSH) OR “Physical Endurance”(MeSH) OR “Resistance Training”(MeSH) OR “Running”(MeSH) OR “Swimming”(MeSH) OR “Walking”(MeSH) OR “Yoga”(MeSH) OR Exercise AND (Non-specific exercise OR Non-specific training OR Aspecific OR Activity program OR Aerobic OR Alexander technique OR Aquatic exercise OR Bicycling OR Cycling OR Dancing OR Endurance OR Fitness OR General exercise OR Generic exercise OR Hydrotherapy OR Jogging OR Physical activity OR Resistance training OR Rowing OR Running OR Stretching OR Swimming OR Tai chi OR Training OR Walking OR Yoga)
Group 4 (Outcome)	“Pain”(MeSH) OR “Pain Measurement”(MeSH) OR “Analgesia”(MeSH) OR “Central Nervous System Sensitization”(MeSH) OR “Hyperalgesia”(MeSH) OR “Hypersensitivity”(MeSH) OR “Nociceptors”(MeSH) OR “Pain Management”(MeSH) OR “Pain Threshold”(MeSH) OR “Pain Perception”(MeSH) OR “Pain, Intractable”(MeSH) OR “Pain, Referred”(MeSH) OR “Somatosensory Disorders”(MeSH) OR “Visual Analogue Scale”(MeSH) OR Pain OR Pain measurement OR Algometry OR Analgesia OR Central nervous system sensitization OR Centrally mediated pain modulation OR Conditioned pain modulation OR Endogenous pain inhibition OR Endogenous pain-inhibitory mechanisms OR Exercise-induced hgperalgesia OR Hyperalgesia OR Hypersensitivity OR Hypoalgesia OR McGill OR Nociceptors OR Pain control OR Pain threshold OR Pain-relief OR Persistent pain OR Pressure pain thresholds OR Quantitative sensory testing OR Referred pain OR Sensitivity OR Somatosensory disorders OR Temporal summation OR Visual analogue scale OR Wind-up effect
Group 5 (Study design)	“Controlled Clinical Trials”(MeSH) OR Controlled clinical trials

Abbreviations: MeSH, Medical Subject Headings.